- #1 WING IT!
97% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: OBOYUDORI
Windows
A 3D platform game that depicts a small sparrow's adventure as it aims for a star shining in the night sky. Race up the stages with double jumps and compete for the best scores with players from around the world!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 26.5%, Difficult 19.9%, Physics 16%, Platformer 15.4%, Cute 9.8%
- #2 Are You Cereus?
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: GameDevPaddy
Windows
Play as Cereus, a mutated bacterium fused with a cereal box, in this absurd 3D adventure platformer. Roll, jump and slide through a hostile suburban home with countless hazards around every corner.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 24.6%, Difficult 18.5%, Physics 17.6%, Platformer 8.3%, Third Person 6.9%
- #3 House Hopper
96% match5 user reviews100% of 5 reviews2024
Dev: Random Games Generator
Windows · Linux
JUMP, FALL, CRACK, REPEAT! This stress inducing golf-like 3D platformer will push your resolve to the limit. Climb through super-hard levels, solve puzzles, unlock hidden playable objects! Beat your highscores! Is the game too hard? GET BETTER!
Why similar: Difficult 23.1%, 3D Platformer 21.3%, Physics 18.6%, Platformer 8%, Cute 7.2%
- #4 Capsule Hero
95% matchNo user reviews2025
Dev: Ma Mingchi
Windows
This is a minimalist challenge game based on a physics engine. Players control a capsule-shaped character, keep balance on a narrow wooden board, and rely on skills and patience to gradually walk out of the dark room. Every step is a challenge, and every failure will bring great frustration.
Why similar: Difficult 35.5%, Physics 23.8%, 3D Platformer 14.4%, Platformer 9.3%, Third Person 7.2%
- #5 Potat
94% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Hexe Circles Studio
Windows
Potat is a quirky, physics-based 3D adventure where you play as a sentient potato trying to escape a house before you get cooked alive. Roll, flip, and flop your way through a bizarre home filled with deadly traps, chaotic layouts, and unexpected obstacles.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 33.6%, Physics 20.4%, Platformer 15.5%, Third Person 8.2%, Cute 8.1%
- #6 Beach Ball Bounce Back
94% matchPositive82% of 11 reviews2026
Dev: FREIT GAMES
Windows
BBBB is a challenging physics platformer. If you fall down, just bounce back!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 32.8%, Difficult 26.9%, Physics 19%, Platformer 11.9%, Adventure 4.8%
- #7 Crash Bandicoot™ 4: It’s About Time
93% matchVery Positive86% of 4,053 reviews2022
Dev: Toys for BobPub: Activision
Windows
Median: 5.3 hrsMean: 15.6 hrs≥1hr: 79%
It’s About Time - the critically-acclaimed Crash Bandicoot™ 4: It's About Time is now on Steam!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 34.8%, Difficult 27%, Platformer 17.3%, Third Person 6.9%, Comedy 5.5%
- #8 Star Sign
92% matchPositive92% of 25 reviews2023
Dev: Joel Obrist
Windows
Extend your arms to swing around and slingshot yourself across huge open levels in this fast 3D platformer. Discover a broken world and find your way back to the skies!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 39.3%, Platformer 23.9%, Third Person 15.3%, Physics 8.2%, Cute 6.6%
- #9 The Box is Alive
91% matchPositive100% of 20 reviews2026
Dev: Ludocratic GamesPub: Indie Game Foundry
Windows · Mac
Roll, tumble, and launch your way to delivery in this wacky physics-based 3D platformer! Master chaotic controls, unpack new abilities, and pick up fellow packages as you ship it to your final destination.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 26.5%, Difficult 20.7%, Physics 17.4%, Platformer 12%, Family Friendly 7.5%
- #10 You Will Fall
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: NashtyStudios
Windows
A brutal vertical parkour game where every fall costs real progress. No checkpoints. And now the water is rising. Master momentum, learn the map, find faster routes, and climb before everything below you disappears.
Why similar: Difficult 32.4%, 3D Platformer 31.7%, Platformer 18.2%, Third Person 7%, Physics 5%
- #11 I Am Fish
90% matchMostly Positive73% of 3,914 reviews2021
Dev: Bossa StudiosPub: Curve Games
Windows
Median: 3.3 hrsMean: 5.1 hrs≥1hr: 81%
I Am Fish is a charming, physics-based adventure starring four intrepid fish friends, forcibly separated from their home in a pet shop fish tank. Swim, fly, roll and chomp your way to the open ocean in a bid for freedom and to re-unite once again.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 25.4%, Difficult 20.7%, Physics 17.1%, Platformer 7.4%, Cute 7.2%
- #12 Ascend the Dome
89% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Numantikun GameDev
Windows
A 3D rage-climbing game where you have to escape by scaling up different domes all the way to the top. Face all kinds of parkour challenges that’ll push your precision and skills to the limit! Connect your game to your Twitch chat!
Why similar: Difficult 21.6%, 3D Platformer 20.2%, Physics 17.2%, Platformer 15.1%, Third Person 8.7%
- #13 Softboiled
89% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Robert Furdui
Windows
A challenging physics-based precision platformer about a fragile egg. Crafted for hardboiled players.
Why similar: Difficult 25.1%, 3D Platformer 24.8%, Physics 18.2%, Platformer 12.8%, Third Person 7.9%
- #14 I AM RABBIT
88% matchPositive84% of 19 reviews2023
Dev: LIONST
Windows
3D Flatformer Cute Adventure Rabbit Game Traverse captivating landscapes from forests to cities, seas, skies, and even the moon itself ! Enjoy charming low-polygon graphics ! Overcome challenging traps !
Why similar: 3D Platformer 24.1%, Difficult 22.9%, Platformer 13.2%, Physics 8.8%, Third Person 8.7%
- #15 Jarumi
87% matchNo user reviews
Dev: KabDev Games
Windows
Play as Jarumi, a lone warrior journeying through corrupted realms to stop Halaka from claiming the world.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 32.4%, Difficult 27.1%, Platformer 17.6%, Third Person 9%, Adventure 6.5%
- #16 MindLift
86% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2024
Dev: SmallHandStudio
Windows
MindLift is a challenging platformer where you traverse the subconscious, overcoming obstacles and gathering memories to uncover the protagonist’s story and journey back to reality.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 41.3%, Platformer 20.2%, Third Person 12.5%, Physics 12.1%, Family Friendly 7%
- #17 AtmaSphere
86% matchMostly Positive80% of 2,007 reviews2018
Dev: Mazen GamesPub: GrabTheGames
Windows
Median: 1.1 hrsMean: 3.9 hrs≥1hr: 52%
AtmaSphere is roll-a-ball game set in a medieval world which is full of dangerous traps and uncertain paths! Roll all you want, but don't fall off! Collect all diamonds to impress Ballerina, and get Ballard safely to her house!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 25.6%, Difficult 21.2%, Physics 16.5%, Platformer 13%, Family Friendly 6.9%
- #18 Ok I Pull Up
85% matchVery Positive87% of 174 reviews2022
Dev: AAAAAUGHPub: Jamk Games
Windows
Ok I Pull Up is a rage platformer, in which you, a capybara, ascend a tree tower only by jumping. This punishing, yet fair game requires extreme patience to complete.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 34.4%, Difficult 25.9%, Platformer 9%, Cute 7.2%, Third Person 6.8%
- #19 Updog
84% matchPositive100% of 22 reviews2022
Dev: Moonflower Games
Windows
Updog is a game all about getting that dog up. Jump, dive, grapple, and ground pound your way across the cloudscape to grab balloons and fuel for your raft, your one ticket to the heavens.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 36.6%, Physics 21.1%, Platformer 13.5%, Cute 11.5%, Third Person 8.6%
- #20 I Am Bread
84% matchMostly Positive78% of 5,955 reviews2015
Dev: Bossa StudiosPub: tinyBuild
Windows · Mac
Median: 2.4 hrsMean: 4.3 hrs≥1hr: 74%
You are bread. Your mission, become toast! Take on all hazards to deliciousness as you head on an epic adventure in one of the the toughest games ever baked. All of the game modes (including Bagel Race) are now unlocked so there's sure to be something to suit everyone's taste!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 22.1%, Difficult 20.5%, Physics 16%, Third Person 7.5%, Comedy 7.4%
- #21 Unicycle Journey
82% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: JovakGames
Windows
The circus left without you. Ride, balance, and crash your way through colorful, increasingly difficult obstacle courses and catch up before it’s too late.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 37.8%, Physics 22.9%, Difficult 12.2%, Platformer 9.4%, Adventure 8.4%
- #22 ANNOYING ball game
83% matchMixed68% of 25 reviews2020
Dev: MoronicbodyPub: MB Studios
Windows
In the ANNOYING ball game you play as a ball. As the ball you go through the obstacle course trying to reach the end. There are 3 endings, it's up to you to find them.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 42%, Platformer 24.6%, Physics 16.2%, Third Person 13.6%, Casual 2.7%
- #23 Flying Up
82% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2025
Dev: Arda ÜnalPub: Abbas Ülgen Ünal
Windows
Soar higher in Flying Up, a 3D platformer game with unique mechanics! Fly across platforms, but be careful there are no checkpoints! Never give up, always rise up. Can you reach the top?
Why similar: 3D Platformer 39.7%, Physics 20.6%, Platformer 19.5%, Adventure 7.1%, Third Person 6.6%
- #24 Path of Trials
81% match4 user reviews100% of 4 reviews2023
Dev: ClawCraft Games
Windows
Save a friend in an exciting platformer with a cat hero! Complete challenges and uncover the story of friendship. Beware of mistakes, plan every jump, and achieve success in this captivating platformer.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 32.7%, Difficult 29.7%, Platformer 14.3%, Third Person 9.9%, Adventure 6.3%
- #25 A Difficult Game About ROLLING - ReUpRise
81% matchPositive81% of 16 reviews2024
Dev: Livinskii Aleksandr
Windows
Explore a vertical world as you roll, fall, and try again.
Why similar: Difficult 27.9%, 3D Platformer 21%, Physics 19.7%, Platformer 12.9%, Third Person 9.2%
- #26 Jumping Jack
79% matchVery Positive86% of 63 reviews2024
Dev: Room Games
Windows
Why similar: 3D Platformer 22.2%, Difficult 22.1%, Physics 14.3%, Platformer 11.8%, Third Person 10.6%
- #27 Life Balance
80% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Rado Stoychev
Windows · Mac
A physics-based platformer where life choices become literal baggage. Climb a spiral tower while managing education, career, and family - each decision adds weight that affects your movement. Can you reach the top, or will your responsibilities drag you down?
Why similar: 3D Platformer 30.8%, Platformer 16.4%, Physics 16.1%, Adventure 10%, Comedy 7.1%
- #28 Sphere vs Gravity
79% match6 user reviews100% of 6 reviews2024
Dev: Sphere vs Gravity
Windows · Mac · Linux
Reach the gravity pole and make it fall.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 44.1%, Physics 26.2%, Platformer 13.1%, Family Friendly 7.8%, Casual 6.5%
- #29 RAINETTE
77% match7 user reviews43% of 7 reviews2024
Dev: itsleeyawn
Windows
Rainette is an indie 3D platformer. Explore levels, get cosmetics, and get the best times!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 39.7%, Platformer 24.1%, Physics 17.9%, Adventure 13.3%, Casual 2.8%
- #30 Emirati Tales
76% matchPositive100% of 32 reviews2024
Dev: Hamdan Hamid
Windows
Dive into Emirati Tales, a family-friendly 3D platformer where players explore the rich folklore of the UAE while learning essential life lessons. Journey through diverse levels, face unique challenges and mythical creatures, and enjoy adaptive difficulty that suits all play styles and ages.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 34.1%, Platformer 20.5%, Adventure 10.5%, Third Person 9.9%, Cute 8.8%
- #31 Bounce Forever
76% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2026
Dev: Korkai Games
Windows
Master a physics-based bounce system in this precision climbing platformer. Climb from a quiet backyard to the clouds, where every landing builds momentum and one mistake can send you crashing back down.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 30.5%, Difficult 25.1%, Platformer 15%, Physics 10.8%, Third Person 8.9%
- #32 Sphere Game
78% matchPositive82% of 33 reviews2020
Dev: D.P.L.D.S
Windows
First game of the "Sphere game" franchise also available for Xbox.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 28.2%, Difficult 23.9%, Physics 17.9%, Platformer 14.3%, Third Person 9.4%
- #33 Good Luck Have Fun
78% matchNo user reviews2022
Dev: Selnor
Windows
A Platformer that sends you back to the start upon death, and times you while you play. Can you make it to the last island, and through the finish line? Or will the obstacles be to difficult for you to overcome.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 46.8%, Platformer 22.6%, Physics 21.2%, Adventure 8.4%, Singleplayer 1%
- #34 So Far Up
75% match2 user reviews50% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: cleanpixels
Windows
Climb to the top using only your hands in this physics-based climbing game—play with a mouse or in VR! Leap, dodge, climb! One silly mistake, and you will find yourself all the way down!
Why similar: Difficult 37.8%, Physics 26.1%, Platformer 19.5%, Comedy 5%, Adventure 4.9%
- #35 Frog Space
77% matchMixed50% of 12 reviews2021
Dev: Highlendid
Windows
Frog Space is a game about the adventures of frog 'Froxy' that avoids obstacles such as animals, vehicles, and terrain. Since only the skills and senses of the player are the only ways to clear this game, it requires a high level of concentration, equanimity, and a challenging spirit.
Why similar: Difficult 31%, 3D Platformer 18.8%, Platformer 17.2%, Third Person 11.5%, Adventure 5.8%
- #36 Spheroll
73% match2 user reviews87% of 15 reviews2026
Dev: Just Indie
Windows
Spheroll is a 3D physics-based rolling ball platformer. Take control of a tiny ball and roll, jump, and balance across platforms.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 42%, Physics 31.5%, Platformer 13.8%, Third Person 8.4%, Indie 1.8%
- #37 POGO UP !
74% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2025
Dev: Team MKM
Windows
All you have is a pogo stick. You must reach the top. There’s no reason. But go up anyway.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 39.6%, Difficult 30.7%, Platformer 18%, Adventure 6%, Casual 4.2%
- #38 Don't Drop the BOOTY!
74% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: OneManCircus
Windows
Don’t Drop the Booty is a co-op multiplayer platformer where you and your crew must carry a fragile jewel to the top of a mountain. Every bump and fall damages the treasure, so teamwork and quick thinking are the only way to make it to the summit with something still worth winning.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 40.8%, Platformer 20%, Physics 16%, Comedy 9.8%, Adventure 7%
- #39 An Indie Game a Month: Unreal Journey
75% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2023
Dev: rainstory.games
Windows
A collection of indie games developed for a month by a single person.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 37.9%, Platformer 22.3%, Adventure 12%, Cute 11.5%, Family Friendly 11.1%
- #40 Murph The Mushroom
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Bogan Sorcerer Pub: Bogan Sorcerer
Windows
Murph The Mushroom is a cute family-friendly 3D platformer adventure game where you journey across forest and lava-filled worlds, avoid the evil plants and take on challenging jumps to collect all your lost friends across 11 levels
Why similar: 3D Platformer 43.4%, Platformer 26.5%, Adventure 15.1%, Cute 13.4%, Singleplayer 1.6%
- #41 Squidding Over It
72% matchPositive100% of 24 reviews2023
Dev: Foncheti
Windows
Can you overcome the challenge without losing your mind in your attempt to become a Squidding Master?
Why similar: Difficult 31.7%, 3D Platformer 29.2%, Physics 17.7%, Adventure 6.1%, Platformer 5.2%
- #42 Benny's Big Rescue
72% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Indie Games Startup LLC
Windows
Benny’s Big Rescue is a whimsical action-adventure focused on story quests, exploration, costume abilities, platforming, puzzles, and light combat. Rescue Mr. Cuddles from Rex across Fantasea’s pillow forts, toy cities, and carpet wilds.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 38.1%, Platformer 17.9%, Family Friendly 17%, Physics 12.4%, Third Person 9%
- #43 Salt Game
73% match4 user reviews100% of 4 reviews2022
Dev: Never Dream
Windows
Serez-vous à la hauteur de ce parcours ?
Why similar: 3D Platformer 41.8%, Platformer 25.5%, Physics 23.4%, Casual 9.3%
- #44 MoveMe
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: CBLF Studios
Windows · Mac · Linux
A 2–4 player co-op climb where you each have your own character. Your mouse is your own eyes — but your keyboard moves your FRIEND, and their keyboard moves you. You can see exactly where to go, with no way to walk yourself there. Reach the top together, or knock each other off.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 32.8%, Difficult 16.7%, Physics 16.5%, Platformer 11.5%, Third Person 6.4%
- #45 Eggbert
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Blooma Games
Windows · Linux
A wobbly egg on a deadly journey, with countless ways to crack. One fall resets everything. Survive Eggbert’s relentless climb to the pan. If your nerves can handle it.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 26%, Difficult 22.4%, Physics 18.3%, Platformer 13.7%, Third Person 9.4%
- #46 SkyDribble
71% match4 user reviews100% of 4 reviews2023
Dev: Digipot
Windows
Dribble various things to reach your goal! But remember, you're high up in the sky!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 46.9%, Platformer 27.7%, Difficult 12.2%, Casual 10.1%, Indie 1.8%
- #47 Frogun
70% matchMostly Positive80% of 638 reviews2022
Dev: MolegatoPub: Top Hat Studios, Inc.
Windows · Linux
Median: 2.8 hrsMean: 4.5 hrs≥1hr: 72%
Join Renata as she adventures across a world of mystical ruins with the titular FROGUN! Frogun is an old-school platformer with the soul of the PS1/N64 era, in which your frog-shaped grappling hook is a your best friend!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 35.4%, Platformer 18.4%, Cute 13%, Third Person 11%, Physics 9.8%
- #48 Super Chipflake Ü: Quest for the Uncooked Schnitzel
67% matchVery Positive96% of 433 reviews2026
Dev: SalsaShark Studios
Windows
You're hungry. For a schnitzel. The problem is: you have to get it!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 37.4%, Platformer 18.6%, Adventure 10%, Cute 9.4%, Third Person 8.5%
- #49 Escape from HAON ISLAND
70% match8 user reviews88% of 8 reviews2024
Dev: Sam Dah Studio
Windows
"Escape from HAON ISLAND" is a first-person 3D platformer with unique controls - where you find yourself on an island with happy inhabitants and try to escape.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 44.3%, Difficult 21.2%, Cute 10.5%, Platformer 10.4%, Family Friendly 5.4%
- #50 Octodad (Student Edition)
69% matchVery Positive92% of 146 reviews2023
Dev: Young Horses: Free RangePub: Young Horses
Windows
You are Octodad, a dapper octopus masquerading as a human, as he goes about a day of his life. His existence is a constant struggle, as he must master mundane tasks with his unwieldy boneless tentacles while simultaneously keeping his cephalopodan nature a secret from his human family!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 30.4%, Difficult 24.3%, Physics 20.2%, Third Person 9.1%, Family Friendly 5.7%
- #51 Only One Way Up
70% matchMixed61% of 28 reviews2023
Dev: Rotten Barrel
Windows
Reach new heights in a mysterious world above the clouds, full of secrets to explore. Ascend on your journey and get as high as possible in Only One Way Up! Step up into a realm way above the clouds..
Why similar: 3D Platformer 37.2%, Difficult 25%, Platformer 14.5%, Adventure 8.2%, Physics 7.6%
- #52 Reytrieve Odyssey
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: EgorPosk
Windows
Reytrieve Odyssey is a vibrant 3D platformer starring a feisty android girl on a quest to retrieve mysterious data disks! Switch between powerful cartridges, explore giant colorful islands, and uncover the secrets of a broken world!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 46%, Cute 12.7%, Platformer 12.4%, Comedy 11.4%, Adventure 8.9%
- #53 BALLSKIN
67% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: dus
Windows
BALLSKIN is a goofy, n64 horror themed foddian game, where the goal is to make it to the top, with simple yet deep mechanics, where every fall is punishing. Can you make it out of skinball purgatory?
Why similar: 3D Platformer 35.5%, Difficult 25.9%, Physics 17.3%, Platformer 10.3%, Comedy 4.9%
- #54 Rubber Bird
68% matchNo user reviews2027
Dev: Outretaupe
Windows
Meet Rub the bird and help him answer the big question: why does he have arms? Jump, stretch, grab, throw, and mess up everything around you in this bite-sized physics-based platformer.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 39.1%, Physics 23.6%, Comedy 10.2%, Cute 9.3%, Platformer 8.3%
- #55 Get Down
68% match8 user reviews88% of 8 reviews2024
Dev: Locomotora Loca
Windows
Get Down to the deepest point, to this Game's Creator, to RESET his gone wrong game world and save its NPCs. WHY YOU? Because only the file called Player can execute the reset button. BUT NOTE: If you fall, there's no saving.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 34.2%, Difficult 19.6%, Platformer 16.4%, Physics 11%, Adventure 7.5%
- #56 Blast Off!
67% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Head for Orbit Games
Windows
Blast Off is a cute space adventure game. You’ve crash-landed in a tiny, strange solar system with only your trusty magnet gun and a sarcastic robot drone at your side. Explore unique planets, solve magnetic puzzles, and collect the scattered parts of your ship so you can get home!
Why similar: 3D Platformer 30.2%, Platformer 14.6%, Physics 12.5%, Third Person 9.6%, Cute 8.2%
- #57 Soviet Bear Uni Adventure
69% matchMostly Positive73% of 95 reviews2019
Dev: J
Windows
Soviet Bear Uni Adventure is a painfully challenging physics-based action/adventure game. Pedal and lean to stay upright and overcome each crazy obstacle.
Why similar: Difficult 29.1%, Physics 20.2%, 3D Platformer 14.7%, Platformer 14.3%, Third Person 7%
- #58 MEGAJUMP
68% matchMostly Positive75% of 145 reviews2020
Dev: Laptop gaming
Windows
Only some will reach the top. Will you be one of them? in this precision 3D platformer where every jump is a risk and easy to learn-hard to master controls you will certainly feel rewarded once you start climbing from the Pit of Despair. Just don't fall. FREE NOW
Why similar: 3D Platformer 26.6%, Difficult 24.9%, Physics 15.7%, Platformer 13.9%, Third Person 7.3%
- #59 Circus Elephant
67% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2024
Dev: Mystical Night Studios
Windows
Circus Elephant is a 3d platformer, where you play as an elephant in a circus. You need to control a ball that the elephant rides
Why similar: 3D Platformer 44.1%, Platformer 21.6%, Physics 13.6%, Comedy 7.4%, Adventure 6.6%
- #60 I Can't Handle My Body
66% matchPositive100% of 12 reviews2025
Dev: KIMCHI KRAKENPub: SlowSpoon
Windows
Embark on a poignant journey with Jung Eun Yi, a fairy drone toy that gains consciousness and the ability to feel pain. Help her escape the harsh human world and find peace through the fireplace.
Why similar: 3D Platformer 36.7%, Platformer 22.1%, Third Person 13.8%, Cute 10.5%, Family Friendly 7.8%