- #1 Magic Runes
97% matchMixed48% of 21 reviews2024
Dev: Daniel Li
Windows
Magic Runes - An exciting 3D game with adventure elements. You have to go on a dangerous adventure across a mysterious island full of ancient dinosaurs. Your goal is to cleanse the lands of darkness and return peace and tranquility to these lands!
Why similar: Shooter 24.1%, Action 20.5%, Exploration 12.9%, Adventure 10.1%, Atmospheric 8.2%
- #2 VoidFire
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Mirrion
Windows
A fast-paced horror arena shooter set in unstable zones where darkness, shifting space, and constant pressure shape every fight.
Why similar: Shooter 30.6%, Action 26.8%, Exploration 16.4%, Atmospheric 13.7%, First-Person 11.4%
- #3 GRUNGE: Count Your Bullets
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Simon Slav
Windows
A slower, more lethal post-apocalyptic singleplayer FPS. Explore, spot enemies, quick-save, count your bullets, hold your breath, headshot. "Lethal gameplay" without bullet-sponge enemies, survival chores, or limited saves.
Why similar: Shooter 32.3%, Action 28.5%, Atmospheric 14.3%, First-Person 12%, 3D 11.7%
- #4 Retro Pistol Hero
95% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: Neosphera
Windows
Retro Pistol Hero - a 3D FPS shooter in retro pixel style with procedurally generated locations. The player's task is to clear an unknown office-like space from purple crystal enemies. The game is very challenging and dynamic.
Why similar: Shooter 36.4%, Action 23.4%, Atmospheric 14.4%, 3D 12.5%, Adventure 8.7%
- #5 DEFECTIVE
94% matchMostly Negative38% of 53 reviews2017
Dev: Evil Games
Windows
Median: 30 minMean: 1.9 hrs≥1hr: 28%
You must save the world, whatever the cost...
Why similar: Shooter 39.8%, Action 31%, Atmospheric 11.7%, Adventure 11.1%, Indie 6.4%
- #6 Unknown Signal
94% matchMixed45% of 21 reviews2024
Dev: Daniel Li
Windows
Unknown Signal is a 3D adventure game. You have received a mysterious signal and you have to find out what or who sent it.
Why similar: Shooter 26.2%, Action 22.3%, Exploration 14.4%, Adventure 10.8%, Atmospheric 8.9%
- #7 Level 11.11
93% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Orbital Knight
Windows
Level 11.11 is a brutal, first person shooter coop-horror, where you and your team embark on a dangerous journey into ever changing flooded city. Avoid monsters, gather intel and complete many objectives that stands between you and the exit into the real world.
Why similar: Shooter 29.5%, Action 24.3%, Exploration 16%, First-Person 10.4%, 3D 10.1%
- #8 Osiris
92% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Hoolio Enterprises
Windows
In a world of peace and tranquility, the fight of Bloxburg vs Cubeton turns violent! A brave adventurer goes on a long journey through the world of Bloxville to fight for the return to peace and tranquility.
Why similar: Shooter 28%, Action 17%, Exploration 11.3%, Cute 10.7%, Colorful 9.9%
- #9 Felonian Special Forces
91% matchNo user reviews
Dev: FOURACES STUDIOS
Windows
A sci-fi 3d shooter game set on the planet of Felonia. Command units to defend friendly facilities and attack enemy facilities. Fight on foot and also using vehicles.
Why similar: Shooter 43.3%, Action 25.1%, First-Person 15.1%, 3D 15.1%, Singleplayer 1.4%
- #10 Lilly's Potion Shop
91% match5 user reviews100% of 5 reviews2024
Dev: Neon Sparkle
Windows
A third-person shooter and visual novel. Concoct potions to fulfill customer orders (try not to blow up your shop and turn the customer into a mushroom), look for ingredients in the open world and fight monsters for them. Everything will work out... The main thing is to strictly follow the recipe!
Why similar: Shooter 18.6%, Anime 14.1%, Exploration 11.3%, Action 10.7%, Comedy 8.7%
- #11 TROFR: The Relic of Forgotten Realm
90% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Fatih Berkay KalkanPub: AppVentures
Windows
A modern-day treasure hunter enters a cursed temple in search of riches, only to face deadly puzzles, lurking monsters, and a final truth about human greed.
Why similar: Action 27.3%, Exploration 17.6%, Adventure 11.7%, Atmospheric 11.3%, 3D 11%
- #12 Subsurface
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Tyler Powell Studios
Windows
A co-op underwater horror game where you and your crew explore multiple submerged locations, recover resources, and survive what lurks in the depths.
Why similar: Shooter 23.9%, Action 20.8%, Exploration 13%, Adventure 9.1%, Atmospheric 8.3%
- #13 AMYGDALA: Prelude
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: MOONLIT JOURNEYS
Windows
Dragged into a dark conspiracy, explore and survive your way through the beginning of the end for the nation of Australia. Use your wits and instinct to stay alive in this 2000s-style first person liminal exploratory horror shooter set down under during the 1990s.
Why similar: Shooter 25.5%, Action 15.9%, Exploration 14.5%, Atmospheric 11.4%, First-Person 9.3%
- #14 12.12.25
88% matchMixed61% of 36 reviews2025
Dev: Alexander Zmeev
Windows
Immerse yourself in a grim post-apocalyptic world where survival depends on your skills, ingenuity, and determination. Explore abandoned streets, battle hordes of zombies, solve puzzles, and forge a path to the Central Hospital — your ultimate goal.
Why similar: Shooter 31%, Action 28.4%, Exploration 16.1%, First-Person 11.5%, Atmospheric 10%
- #15 Poop Killer - Flush or Die
87% matchVery Positive94% of 197 reviews2025
Dev: 616 GAMES
Windows
Bob and Case just wanted a quiet night… but fate (and a clogged toilet) had other plans. When a clueless friend ignores an important warning and decides to take a dump in a broken toilet, the nightmare begins.
Why similar: Shooter 21.1%, Action 13.2%, Exploration 11.9%, Comedy 8.9%, Atmospheric 8.4%
- #16 Arena of Trials
86% match2 user reviews0% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: Bell Studio
Windows
Arena of Trials is a dynamic 3D game with action/RPG and survival arena elements. You'll find yourself in a variety of biomes, from the scorching desert to the icy wilderness, where every move can be decisive.
Why similar: Shooter 25.9%, Action 23.7%, Exploration 12.4%, Adventure 11.7%, Atmospheric 8.9%
- #17 Unknown Signal: Invasion
86% matchMixed60% of 15 reviews2024
Dev: Daniel Li
Windows
Unknown Signal: Invasion is a continuation of the exciting sci-fi game. This time you have to go to an unknown planet to investigate a new mysterious signal coming from an unknown source.
Why similar: Shooter 25.2%, Action 21.3%, Exploration 12.4%, Adventure 10.7%, Atmospheric 8.9%
- #18 Leguiumz Experience
85% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Leguiumz
Windows
The official game to interact with Leguiumz Twitch Channel. Come and play with the other viewers, in an endless battle for fame, and request priority on the stream ! Multiple game modes, to make the stream even crazier than before !
Why similar: Shooter 38%, Action 34%, First-Person 15.4%, 3D 12.5%
- #19 Slap That
84% matchVery Positive89% of 55 reviews2024
Dev: DigiPen Europe-BilbaoPub: DigiPen Institute of Technology
Windows
Slap almost anything blocking your way in order to go deeper and deeper and discover what is going on in this world!
Why similar: Shooter 34.4%, Action 17.9%, First-Person 13%, 3D 12.8%, Linear 11.6%
- #20 Anarchy School
84% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: AcroGames
Windows
Anarchy School is a story-rich first-person action adventure set in a fictional upper school in Finland, of all places. Unravel the secrets of the school, and rise up against the malicious principal Nazier.
Why similar: Shooter 27.6%, Action 24.4%, Adventure 12.6%, Comedy 11%, First-Person 8.6%
- #21 On the Way
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: LuMyst Games
Windows · Linux
In this Adventure you will embark on the search for a man. In classic Psychological Horror Gameplay in the First Person Perspective. You will encounter strange people, solve hard to crack puzzles and explore a world in which the Minds of People might drip into reality.
Why similar: Shooter 31.5%, Exploration 20.9%, First-Person 10.9%, 3D 10.7%, Linear 8.7%
- #22 Infected Swarm
81% match2 user reviews0% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: Bell Studio
Windows
Infected Swarm is an adventure game with first-person shooter (FPS) elements.
Why similar: Shooter 29.6%, Action 25.7%, Adventure 12.7%, Atmospheric 11.7%, 3D 8.6%
- #23 Desk Till Dawn
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Lollygag Labs
Windows · Mac
Corporate life isn’t for the faint of heart and neither is corporate death. Explore populated and abandoned offices, uncover hidden secrets, and survive against pestilent forces.
Why similar: Shooter 25.3%, Action 19.6%, Exploration 13.9%, Atmospheric 8.4%, 3D 8.3%
- #24 Machine Crisis (陨星危机)
83% matchMostly Positive78% of 18 reviews2017
Dev: 跳跃网络
Windows
Machine Crisis is a sci-fi VR shooter, player fight gigantic bio-mechs with guts and wits
Why similar: Action 52.2%, Shooter 47.8%
- #25 OCH NOE -thegame-
81% match2 user reviews50% of 2 reviews2024
Dev: inqmannen
Windows · Linux
OCH NOE -thegame- is a zombie survival shooter type game, but is also meant to be kinda funny. As the player you must try to stay alive for 15 minutes.
Why similar: Shooter 36.3%, Action 22.1%, Atmospheric 14.3%, Comedy 12.1%, 3D 11.5%
- #26 Twilight Town: A Cyberpunk FPS
79% matchVery Positive91% of 218 reviews2023
Dev: Sigyaad Team
Windows
Median: 1.5 hrsMean: 3.2 hrs≥1hr: 67%
Twilight Town: A Cyberpunk FPS is a brutal, funny, bloody FPS game with an advanced gore system. Featuring 15 beautiful levels, a variety of weapons and a deeply engaging story that follows the journey of a young man and his friend tackling on a criminal underground to give his AI wife a real body.
Why similar: Shooter 24%, Action 15%, Anime 14.6%, First-Person 10.3%, Atmospheric 10.2%
- #27 F.E.R.A.S: E o Mistério da Ilha do Futuro
79% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Woodwork Game Studio
Windows
F.E.R.A.S: The Mystery of Future Island is a dynamic and unforgettable FPS where you play as a secret agent armadillo. Blending intense battles with the unique ability to roll through environments and tackle challenges, the game delivers a one-of-a-kind action-packed experience.
Why similar: Shooter 20.7%, Action 11.3%, Atmospheric 9.8%, Comedy 9.1%, Cute 8.8%
- #28 Manifest
80% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2022
Dev: NormalGuy
Windows · Mac · Linux
This is a first person shooter game with 12 levels, every 3 levels the location changes from castle to forest, from forest to north pole and from north to another castle, you play as a nameless hero who wants to kill all the monsters.
Why similar: Shooter 32.3%, Action 27.7%, First-Person 11.1%, 3D 10.9%, Linear 7.9%
- #29 Chernobyl Trap
78% matchMostly Positive75% of 107 reviews2022
Dev: ZERO5GAMES
Windows · Linux
You are survived pilot of fallen helicopter. Your mission is simple: go to evacuation point. But can you do it and not die?
Why similar: Shooter 23.2%, Action 21.8%, 6DOF 11.8% ★, Adventure 11%, Atmospheric 9.1%
- #30 Station 99
77% matchMixed63% of 16 reviews2023
Dev: MoDev
Windows
Station 99 is an action-adventure game with first-person shooter (FPS) elements.
Why similar: Shooter 35%, Adventure 14.6%, Atmospheric 13%, First-Person 12.6%, 3D 12.4%
- #31 Trash Squad
78% matchVery Positive83% of 148 reviews2018
Dev: Enitvare
Windows · Linux
Median: 36 minMean: 3.9 hrs≥1hr: 39%
Trash Squad is a dynamic shooter with RPG elements. Stand up for the fight against hordes of monsters in over a dozen randomly generated levels.
Why similar: Shooter 50.7%, Action 41.2%, Indie 8.1%
- #32 Wandering Wolf
77% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Tihor TeamPub: MIROWIN
Windows
Survival-Action experience in a dead world destroyed by civil war. You have to complete your own story, fighting for survival with monsters and nature.
Why similar: Shooter 28.3%, Action 24.9%, Exploration 15.3%, Adventure 10.7%, Atmospheric 10.3%
- #33 Slaughter: The Lost Outpost
76% matchMostly Positive76% of 37 reviews2023
Dev: VenomizedArt
Windows · Mac
Slaughter: The Lost Outpost is a single player campaign third-person shooter, with a large arsenal of weapons, crowds of various enemies and difficult locations, concealing many secrets.
Why similar: Shooter 31.8%, Action 22.6%, Atmospheric 11.6%, 3D 10.4%, 6DOF 9.6% ★
- #34 矿物猎人 Mineral Hunter
75% match3 user reviews67% of 3 reviews2025
Dev: YAO ZIHENG
Windows
Players will take on the role of a miner who collects precious ores, travel to different islands by hot air balloon, upgrade your weapons to fight various ore monsters, and upgrade your hot air balloon to reach more islands.
Why similar: Shooter 34.8%, Exploration 23.2%, Cute 13.6%, Linear 10.4%, Adventure 8.3%
- #35 Bendy and the Ink Factory
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Joey Drew Studios
Windows
Bendy and the Ink Factory™ is a first-person survival horror. Return to the world of Joey Drew Studios like never before. The dark truth is hanging in the shadows... waiting to devour you. The rubberhose nightmare continues.. But eventually, everything must end.
Why similar: Shooter 22.9%, Action 22.2%, Exploration 13.9%, Atmospheric 11.9%, First-Person 10.1%
- #36 Tiny Candy Guardian 御菓子島の魔法使い
75% match7 user reviews88% of 8 reviews2023
Dev: Moka Games
Windows
A cute and exciting VR shooting game. Become a wizard guarding Candy Island, use candy magic to feed various mouthy fantasy creatures and repel them all.
Why similar: Action 31.6%, Shooter 30.4%, Adventure 13.5%, 3D 10.9%, Cute 10.4%
- #37 VIRUS 91
74% matchMixed65% of 20 reviews2023
Dev: Mikki-Boi
Windows
VIRUS 91 is an adventure game with first-person shooter (FPS) elements. You have to take on the role of a sergeant and go to the laboratory, in which all the equipment is out of control. Explore mysterious locations and find out who is behind this whole situation!
Why similar: Shooter 36.3%, Exploration 19.4%, Adventure 14.5%, Atmospheric 14.2%, 3D 12%
- #38 Undead Chronicles
74% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Seyfhouse Games
Windows
A slow-burn FPS survival horror set in 1923 Istanbul. Begin inside the Imperial Ottoman Bank and descend into sealed vaults, flooded cisterns, and foggy streets. Scarce ammo. Methodical gunplay. No arcade action. Face slow, relentless undead where precision means survival. One bite ends it all.
Why similar: Shooter 29%, Action 23.7%, Exploration 15.7%, First-Person 11.4%, Linear 9.3%
- #39 The Masked Vengeance: Chapter 1
73% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Black Bon Studios
Windows
A dark survival horror game of intense chases, deadly traps, and unpredictable enemies. Run, hide, and outsmart masked predators and exploding-headed humans as you uncover the terrifying secret of the Purple Rabbit.
Why similar: Action 24.8%, Shooter 22.3%, Exploration 12.3%, Adventure 10.6%, Atmospheric 9.2%
- #40 SCP 1985
73% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: CheckDeck9Pub: CD9
Windows
Welcome to Site 78 in 1985 where the foundation would experience one of its first major breaches. Escape the facility and survive the scps.
Why similar: Shooter 37.9%, Action 25.7%, Atmospheric 12.1%, Adventure 11.5%, 3D 11.1%
- #41 Rake
72% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Jeb_1232
Windows
Rake is a First-Person Horror game where you hunt down (or be hunted by) The Rake. Use Trail Cameras, Bear Traps and other tools to assist in hunting it down before it gets to you first.
Why similar: Shooter 36.5%, Action 21.8%, Atmospheric 16.6%, 3D 12.3%, Linear 9.8%
- #42 Bird Assassin
72% matchVery Positive89% of 344 reviews2014
Dev: Social Loner Studios
Windows
Median: 30 minMean: 2.8 hrs≥1hr: 35%
Birds murdered your Pa! His final wishes are for vengeance. Take your Pa's rifle and kill as many birds as you can to avenge his death. Battle a variety of enemies and bosses on your quest to kill the bird that murdered your Pa.
Why similar: Action 46.3%, Shooter 28.8%, Adventure 17.6%, Indie 7.3%
- #43 Luminous Labyrinth
73% matchNo user reviews2022
Dev: Bobby Wolfe
Windows
A high contrast, hand crafted, maze game full of colorful obstacles and puzzle solving.
Why similar: Action 33.4%, Exploration 19.6%, Atmospheric 13.5%, 3D 12.2%, Colorful 9.1%
- #44 After Dark
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: FireDevTeam
Windows
Get into an alternative world in which an unknown catastrophe occurred, which led to the complete disappearance of mankind. Find out the cause of what happened and most importantly, try to survive, because you are far from alone in this world.
Why similar: Shooter 29.4%, Action 23.9%, Exploration 16%, Atmospheric 10.8%, 3D 9.3%
- #45 Snail's Knock Out!
70% matchPositive100% of 17 reviews2024
Dev: MUTAN
Windows
From the asymmetrical party action game 'Goonya Monster' designed by Terada Tera , a spin-off work has emerged! Enemy in sight? Throw bombs! Blast away! "Snail's Knock Out" is a casual shooting game. Blast away the undead appearing in stages with increasing speed and relieve accumulated stress!
Why similar: Shooter 35.2%, Action 22.4%, Cute 20.1%, Comedy 17.8%, Indie 2.3%
- #46 Bloodwatch
71% match4 user reviews0% of 4 reviews2022
Dev: Gamingscape
Windows
Bloodwatch is a short horror game about surviving at all cost on the island when the maniacs are trying to find and kill you. Explore, finding weapons, items, find the leader and kill him.
Why similar: Shooter 31%, Exploration 22.1%, Action 18.5%, First-Person 11.7%, 3D 11.3%
- #47 Deadly Threat
71% matchMixed42% of 38 reviews2021
Dev: Robbie HoganPub: Enoops
Windows
Deadly Threat is an action-adventure game with RPG and first-person shooter (FPS) elements. You have to control the hero and explore mysterious locations in the dungeon.
Why similar: Shooter 26%, Action 23%, Exploration 12.7%, Adventure 11.2%, Atmospheric 9.5%
- #48 Poco In
70% matchPositive81% of 43 reviews2020
Dev: Sonic-AlphaPub: NS
Windows
Let's guide Poco-chan to the goal! This game is a simple maze game. Remove objects with a revolver.
Why similar: Shooter 39.1%, Action 25%, Anime 13.1%, Cute 9.3%, 3D 8.7%
- #49 Evil is Back
68% matchVery Positive90% of 167 reviews2023
Dev: 616 GAMES
Windows
"Evil is Back" is a retelling of the movies "Evil Dead 1 and 2"... With everything a low budget short film should have. For fans of 80's trash horror movies.
Why similar: Shooter 25.5%, Action 14.8%, Atmospheric 11.7%, Comedy 11.4%, First-Person 9.7%
- #50 Man from Hell. Exodus.
69% matchNo user reviews2028
Dev: AG.gamedev
Windows
3D first-person shooter with elements of survival horror and stealth action — "Man from the Underworld. Exodus."
Why similar: Shooter 38.1%, Action 24.3%, Atmospheric 19.5%, 3D 7.8%, Linear 7.4%
- #51 'Member the Alamo?
70% matchVery Positive80% of 85 reviews2020
Dev: Blue Collar Games
Windows
'Member the Alamo? is a comedy shooter loosely based on the historic battle that birthed Texas. You will fight alongside larger than life heroes as you defend the Alamo from Santa Anna and his Mexican army that outnumber you 100 to 1.
Why similar: Shooter 33.2%, Action 29.8%, Anime 19.2%, Comedy 16.5%, Singleplayer 1.3%
- #52 JackKnife
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: SlavJankStudios
Windows
First Person Shooter with surreal gunfights and story. Tactical Goal Oriented Ai. Many enemy types and bosses. Merchant with upgrade system. Fully Voice Acted Story. Gibbing enemies. Interactable and destructible environments.
Why similar: Shooter 31%, Action 26.1%, Atmospheric 11.3%, First-Person 9.3%, Linear 7.4%
- #53 Kreed: Battle for Savitar
67% matchPositive83% of 12 reviews2026
Dev: Burut CTPub: Strategy First
Windows
Before you lies the story of a legendary Legion, destined in the distant future to reshape Earth’s civilization and lead its mission among the stars. A future in which humanity will achieve victory in the decisive battle for the Savitar space station.
Why similar: Shooter 33.4%, Action 27.9%, Atmospheric 10.9%, 3D 10.5%, First-Person 9.6%
- #54 Explosive Madness
68% matchMixed67% of 15 reviews2023
Dev: Mikki-Boi
Windows
Explosive Madness is an exciting game about physics and destruction. You have to destroy various structures using tools and explosives! In the game you will find many exciting and exciting levels of varying difficulty.
Why similar: Exploration 23.9%, 3D 15.8%, Cute 15.8%, Atmospheric 14.6%, First-Person 14.4%
- #55 RZR
67% match7 user reviews86% of 7 reviews2024
Dev: SeikaGames
Windows
Enter an island infested with zombies and try to survive. Search and collect weapons to stay alive. Move stealthily to avoid being detected and take care of your resources. Handle melee or firearms weapons to clear areas and be able to sleep peacefully
Why similar: Shooter 33%, Action 32.8%, Exploration 17%, Adventure 13.8%, Indie 2.2%
- #56 Astral Horizon
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Infohazard Games
Windows
Astral Horizon is a first-person space opera adventure featuring combat with six degrees of freedom. Give orders to your squadmates and find creative ways to approach combat in zero-gravity. Explore epic sci-fi locations as you fight a war to uncover a perspective-shattering discovery.
Why similar: Shooter 27.1%, 6DOF 22.2% ★, Action 15.1%, Atmospheric 11.4%, First-Person 9.1%
- #57 Kreed
66% matchMostly Positive73% of 22 reviews2026
Dev: Burut CTPub: Strategy First
Windows
Kreed, a massive gravity field of unknown proportions, is threatening to swallow the galaxy whole. As a soldier marooned there, you must fight for your survival against hordes of alien marauders and unearth the dark secret behind the mysterious space anomaly.
Why similar: Shooter 33.3%, Action 27.8%, Atmospheric 10.9%, 3D 10.4%, First-Person 9.6%
- #58 The Stalin Subway
69% matchMixed60% of 720 reviews2014
Dev: Orion GamesPub: ESDigital Games
Windows
Median: 3.1 hrsMean: 9.4 hrs≥1hr: 89%
"The Stalin Subway" is a First Person Shooter-style game where the events take place in post-war Moscow. The game allows to plunge into the depressing atmosphere of the Stalin's period and to play as a Soviet officer.
Why similar: Action 44%, Shooter 31.3%, First-Person 13.4%, Atmospheric 10.2%, Singleplayer 1.1%
- #59 3am on Fish Island
66% matchMixed57% of 14 reviews2025
Dev: krishGames
Windows
Walk the streets of Fish Island and collect food. Become sober. Stay alert. There are ghosts. Made with the Godot Engine.
Why similar: Action 31.8%, Exploration 18.9%, Atmospheric 14.2%, Adventure 13.6%, 3D 11.7%
- #60 The Mines
66% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2025
Dev: Tyler a kious
Windows
Trapped underground after a routine exploration gone wrong, you find yourself sprinting through claustrophobic tunnels. Hot on your heels is an immense, grotesque spider—its scuttling echoes drown out your own panicked breaths. With each step, the shadowy walls seem to close.
Why similar: Shooter 26.5%, Action 24.8%, Exploration 12%, Adventure 10.7%, Atmospheric 8.9%