- #1 Operation Together VR
97% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Vnow Games
Windows
A 1–4 player co-op military VR simulation. Complete tactical operations, neutralize terrorist threats, and rescue civilians.
Why similar: VR 23.5%, Tactical 16.3%, Shooter 13%, Co-op 9.6%, Combat 7.9%
- #2 GERONIMO
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Dark Matter Studios
Windows
GERONIMO is an immersive, tactical CQB shooter built for Virtual Reality that depicts a modern-day world in which Special Forces operators are called to implement unconventional operations as members of elite teams. Breaching, Advanced A.I. and more! "Who Dares, Wins"
Why similar: VR 22.8%, War 14.8%, Tactical 14%, Shooter 10.6%, Co-op 7.2%
- #3 B3
96% matchMostly Negative36% of 14 reviews2023
Dev: 4 I Lab
Windows
B3 will be a first-person VR shooter where you have to defend your base from waves of attacking monsters.
Why similar: VR 26.5%, Tactical 17.5%, Co-op 12.3%, Shooter 10%, PvE 8.7%
- #4 A Long Survive
95% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Friendly Fire Studios
Windows · Linux
A Long Survive is a cooperative shooter in which you'll have to survive waves of enemies. Protect the nexus by fortifying your area with various structures and prepare for the siege. Upgrade your weapons, strategize with your teammates, or play as a solo warrior. Will you Survive?
Why similar: VR 30.1%, War 22.1%, Shooter 13.7%, FPS 7.2%, Shoot 'Em Up 5.8%
- #5 Major League Gladiators
94% matchPositive86% of 36 reviews2017
Dev: Team Major League Gladiators
Windows
Major League Gladiators is a 2-player co-op shooter for VR. Each taking control of one of two classes, players will have to survive endless rounds of enemies by combining their unique movement and combat abilities as well as maintaining each others resources.
Why similar: VR 40.3%, Shooter 12.9%, Futuristic 10.6%, Co-op 7.5%, PvE 6.8%
- #6 Task Force 9
94% match9 user reviews67% of 9 reviews2023
Dev: Good day studio
Windows
Get ready for Task Force 9 - the VR game that puts your combat skills to the test. Take down enemies using force or stealth while controlling your AI partner. Use cover, explosives, rappelling, wall breaching, and ambushes to survive. Sharpen your situational awareness in close-quarters combat.
Why similar: VR 23.2%, Tactical 21.6%, Shooter 17%, War 13.5%, PvE 9.8%
- #7 Bugs From Space
93% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Earthlover Games
Windows
A fast-paced VR arcade shooter, where you fire guns, shoot energy bows, and toss explosive spears to defend your base from an alien infestation. The bugs shoot back, so don't forget to duck!
Why similar: VR 28%, Co-op 12.6%, Shooter 11.2%, Futuristic 8.3%, Shoot 'Em Up 7.9%
- #8 DropTeam
92% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Mojo Games
Windows · Mac
Dive into massive, open alien environments to rescue, recover, and battle in the name of Humanity and profit. Select a mission, customize your equipment, drop, strike, and evac to space (if you can). Enjoy the physics based 1st person tactical shooter in VR or 2D, single player or in 4 player co-op.
Why similar: VR 22.1%, Co-op 11.9%, Tactical 11.9%, PvE 9.4%, Shooter 7.2%
- #9 Skyfront VR
91% matchMostly Positive73% of 150 reviews2019
Dev: Levity Play
Windows
Skyfront is a fast-paced multiplayer FPS built exclusively for VR. The game launches you into mesmerising zero-G arenas. But not before equipping you with an array of awesome weapons and impressive special abilities.
Why similar: VR 29.3%, War 11.4%, Shooter 10.5%, Tactical 9.9%, Futuristic 8.2%
- #10 Target React Force
91% matchMixed53% of 17 reviews2022
Dev: Inside Universe
Windows
Target React Force is a realistic tactical VR experience where you can Train, Plan and Execute your ideas, with gameplay focused on randomisation and replayability. Use your tactical skills to navigate through the Live Scenarios and Training layouts to neutralise the targets and save the hostages.
Why similar: VR 23.3%, Tactical 16.4%, War 14.6%, Shooter 12.4%, Combat 7.3%
- #11 FURY
90% matchNo user reviews
Dev: VO-GAMES
Windows
Online first- and third-person shooter in which players fight in different parts of the world against military forces and armies.
Why similar: VR 21.4%, War 15.2%, Shooter 13.3%, Tactical 13.2%, Military 7.3%
- #12 BODYGUARD TASK FORCE
89% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2025
Dev: Rokay Games
Windows
Your mission is clear: go solo or team up with 3 other friends to ensure the safety of high-profile VIPs through a series of dynamic and challenging scenarios.
Why similar: VR 34.9%, Shooter 16.1%, Co-op 14.3%, Tactical 9.8%, Action 9.8%
- #13 Silent Operative
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Nic SchubertPub: Tonic Games Australia
Windows
Silent Operative thrusts players into the shoes of a secret agent, where they must utilize a versatile arsenal of weapons and gadgets to navigate through dynamic and challenging missions.
Why similar: VR 34.6%, Tactical 19.2%, Shooter 14.8%, Action 9.1%, Shoot 'Em Up 7.5%
- #14 Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® III
88% matchMixed41% of 17,494 reviews2023
Dev: Sledgehammer GamesPub: Activision
Windows
Median: 4.1 hrsMean: 24.7 hrs≥1hr: 73%
In the direct sequel to the record-breaking Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® II, Captain Price and Task Force 141 face off against the ultimate threat.
Why similar: War 17.6%, Shooter 17.1%, Tactical 12.3%, FPS 8.6%, Military 8%
- #15 Eminus
86% matchNo user reviews
Dev: LamdaProjects
Windows
Eminus is a new Tactical FPS based on realism. Plan your next move carefully because there is no more room for mistakes. You need to finish the job.This is a difficult game. Don't run and gun.
Why similar: Shooter 16.8%, War 16.3%, Tactical 14.3%, Simulation 12.8%, Action 9.1%
- #16 Arma 3
86% matchVery Positive90% of 291,421 reviews2013
Dev: Bohemia Interactive
Windows · Mac
Median: 14.4 hrsMean: 255.4 hrs≥1hr: 90%
Experience true combat gameplay in a massive military sandbox. Deploy with a wide variety of single- and multiplayer content, a massive arsenal of modern weapons and vehicles, and limitless opportunities for content creation. Authentic, diverse, open - Arma 3 sends you to war.
Why similar: War 16.6%, Tactical 14.5%, Shooter 14%, Military 11.4%, Co-op 8.8%
- #17 FPV Kamikaze Drone
83% matchVery Positive88% of 11,630 reviews2023
Dev: HFM Games
Windows
Median: 1.8 hrsMean: 5.3 hrs≥1hr: 66%
FPV Kamikaze Drone is a tactical game focused on FPV drones in modern warfare. Control drones in first-person in single-player and co-op, and in multiplayer play as a third-person soldier who finds and uses FPV drones during combat.
Why similar: War 36.6%, Shooter 15.7%, Simulation 14.6%, Combat 9.6%, Action 8%
- #18 Null G
84% match6 user reviews67% of 6 reviews2022
Dev: Jace Of Shadows Gaming LLC
Windows
Welcome to Null G space station. A competitive and adaptive environment for flexible battle training. The Battle School creates peer to peer opposition in fast-paced combat training sims and solo training against rigorously designed AI drones. Team up or fly solo to win the advantage.
Why similar: VR 36.6%, Shooter 16.3%, Shoot 'Em Up 13.2%, FPS 7.3%, Action 6.9%
- #19 Alvo VR
84% matchMixed68% of 28 reviews2024
Dev: OutsideIn Entertainment
Windows
A high‑octane multiplayer shooter built for players who want speed, strategy, and seamless cross‑platform action. Alvo delivers fast, addictive VR firefights with tight controls, competitive modes, and intense close‑quarters combat that keeps you jumping back in.
Why similar: VR 28%, War 15.3%, Shooter 13.3%, Co-op 8.3%, Combat 8%
- #20 Onward
82% matchMixed68% of 9,301 reviews2025
Dev: Downpour Interactive
Windows
Median: 3.5 hrsMean: 13.2 hrs≥1hr: 80%
Onward is the most immersive tactical VR shooter. Join your squad for a wide variety of competitive PvP, co-op PvE, and solo game modes, including intense multiplayer battles or 4-player co-op missions. Realistic weaponry and combat mechanics will push your survival and combat skills to their limit
Why similar: VR 27.7%, War 16.4%, Tactical 13.3%, Shooter 13%, Military 8.6%
- #21 INVICTUS
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Lusif
Windows
Invictus is a VR Milsim platform with interactive features, simulated combat scenarios, and customization options. Play solo or online with other players in different gamemodes across an open milsim sandbox experience rooted deep in player-driven campaigns missions, & scenarios. Gear up and embark!
Why similar: VR 21.2%, War 16%, Tactical 13.6%, Shooter 12.6%, Military 7.1%
- #22 Plastic Battlegrounds
81% matchVery Positive89% of 253 reviews2025
Dev: Simulated Minds
Windows
Set up the battlefield with an ever growing list of units, vehicles, and emplacements! Then either join the battle as a plastic soldier or be life sized and tower over the chaos.
Why similar: VR 26.9%, War 23.3%, Shooter 13%, Military 8.9%, PvE 8.4%
- #23 Crunch Element
81% matchMixed56% of 592 reviews2020
Dev: Dreamlab XR
Windows
Median: 1.0 hrsMean: 1.8 hrs≥1hr: 47%
Raid destructible compounds using explosive gadgets and tactical weaponry in VR! Breach, clear, and dominate in high-intensity raids where destruction is your greatest weapon. Whether you're leading a squad or taking on the challenge solo, precision, strategy, and firepower will decide your victory.
Why similar: VR 28.2%, Tactical 17.8%, Shooter 14.5%, PvE 10.9%, FPS 8.6%
- #24 Snapshot VR
80% matchVery Positive87% of 113 reviews2024
Dev: Giant Scam Industries
Windows
Snapshot is a VR arena shooter built for e-sports with competitive solo and team play. Inspired by the real-life sport, Snapshot feels like playing paintball in the future. One shot, one kill. In competitive teams of up to 5, communication and coordination are the keys to victory.
Why similar: VR 41.5%, Tactical 15.3%, Shooter 13.3%, FPS 9.9%, Futuristic 8.2%
- #25 Zero Caliber VR
79% matchMostly Positive76% of 4,916 reviews2023
Dev: XREAL Games
Windows
Median: 2.3 hrsMean: 5.7 hrs≥1hr: 68%
Zero Caliber is the ultimate VR FPS: single player/Co-op campaign, PvP and mod support with 40+ realistic firearms & melee weapons, 100+ unlockable skins, 50+ attachments, realistic physics, progression & more! Immerse yourself in the action, customize your gear and unleash your inner hero!
Why similar: VR 23.5%, War 14.4%, Co-op 11.7%, Shooter 10.9%, Military 9.2%
- #26 Shoot! VR
79% matchMixed45% of 29 reviews2023
Dev: Bingqian SHU
Windows
Shoot! VR is a first-person shooter simulation game using virtual reality. The game simulates the environment of an indoor shooting range. The game has different modes and offers a choice of different weapons.
Why similar: VR 27.3%, Shooter 14.8%, Tactical 13.2%, Military 11.3%, FPS 11%
- #27 Project_03
78% matchNo user reviews
Dev: TD
Windows
Project_03 is aiming to give you the limitless experience off playing a game with your friends
Why similar: War 19.5%, Shooter 19.1%, Tactical 17.1%, Military 10.5%, Action 10.2%
- #28 ArenaWar
77% match4 user reviews75% of 4 reviews2023
Dev: Luca QuattriniPub: LukeGames
Windows
FPS Arena Competitive multiplayer
Why similar: Tactical 23.6%, War 23.1%, Shooter 21.9%, FPS 14%, Combat 9.2%
- #29 Pistol Master!
77% matchMixed43% of 14 reviews2021
Dev: Walker HerroldPub: pH Labs
Windows
As a new Pvt on camp Greenwood you will be tested to sharpen your skills as you quickly try to finish each trial. Good luck Pvt as you try your best to work as quickly as possible.
Why similar: VR 24.8%, War 17.6%, Shooter 16.2%, Action 9.8%, Simulation 8.9%
- #30 Vortex Revenants
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Flint Forge
Windows
Vortex Revenants: Immerse yourself in intense team-based FPS battles set in a futuristic world. Choose your class, wield advanced weaponry, and dominate the competition in dynamic environments.
Why similar: War 17.1%, Shooter 15.8%, Tactical 14.1%, PvE 12.2%, Space 10.2%
- #31 Operation Chromite 1950 VR
76% matchMixed50% of 10 reviews2018
Dev: eiNpictures
Windows
Please enter ‘Incheon landing operation’ as crucial reason of victory in Korean war on 1950. You experience all from the landing operation to the end as an unit of landing troops.
Why similar: VR 36%, War 27.2%, Simulation 14.8%, Action 14.3%, FPS 7.8%
- #32 WORLDS AT WAR (Monitors & VR)
75% matchMixed66% of 167 reviews2018
Dev: Muddy Pixel
Windows
A fun, addicting & high-adrenaline dog-fighting 'sim-lite' horde-mode game. Worlds At War thrusts the player into the aftermath of an alien invasion. A multi-national ragtag group of surviving fighter pilots and crew man a small carrier-group, roaming the oceans, trying to survive against all odds.
Why similar: VR 43.7%, War 21.9%, Simulation 13.8%, Action 9%, Shoot 'Em Up 8.5%
- #33 WAR DUST VR : STORM | 32vs32 Battlefields
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: raptor lab
Windows
STORM is the cross-platform version of War Dust, letting you play the epic 32v32 shooter where infantry and vehicles fight on huge battlefields with a bigger playerbase across PC and mobile platforms.
Why similar: VR 21.5%, War 18%, Shooter 13.3%, Tactical 12.6%, Simulation 7.5%
- #34 Crossfire: Sierra Squad
73% matchMostly Positive73% of 516 reviews2023
Dev: Smilegate Pub: Smilegate
Windows
Fierce military arcade shooter in VR for single-player and co-op multiplayer. Drop into a variety of indoor and outdoor battle scenes with 63 missions, 39 different weapons, and 17 types of enemies as you lead an elite fireteam into immersive 360° combat.
Why similar: VR 27%, War 14.4%, Shooter 13.4%, PvE 10.1%, FPS 8%
- #35 Soldiers Of Freedom
75% matchNegative13% of 16 reviews2017
Dev: Bubel Studio
Windows
You are a soldier fighting for the freedom in the heart off fierce combat. Conquer different battlegrounds alongside your comrades. Realistic combat, fast paced action and advanced AI system will help you feel like on real battlefield.
Why similar: VR 24.9%, Tactical 16.9%, War 15.3%, Shooter 11.2%, Action 8.8%
- #36 Cargo Cult: Shoot'n'Loot VR
74% matchMostly Positive74% of 53 reviews2016
Dev: Panoramik Inc
Windows
Median: 2.6 hrsMean: 3.3 hrs≥1hr: 91%
Have you ever dreamt of being a brave captain of air battleship ? Enter with us the world of total cargo cult! Battle against fast swarms of Iron Hornets, mad Kamikadze Ships, heavy and armored Doomcopters, merciless Missile Towers, and more. Shoot’n’Loot will give you all of these and even more!
Why similar: VR 57.4%, Shooter 17%, FPS 9%, Action 8.6%, Simulation 8.1%
- #37 Glitch Assassin
74% match4 user reviews75% of 4 reviews2020
Dev: Lone Wolf Interactive
Windows
Glitch Assassin is a Sci-Fi VR shooter which puts the player in the shoes of an assassin tasked with maintaining order in a simulated world. Complete various missions eliminating threats to the AI's directive of saving the planet from extinction...
Why similar: VR 42%, Shooter 17.4%, Futuristic 12.1%, Action 11%, FPS 9%
- #38 Trench Defender
71% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2024
Dev: Chim Ruoi Games
Windows
An action-packed FPS where you defend your trench against waves of attacking enemies by utilizing a large selection of modern (and not so modern) military weapons, features both single-player and two player online multiplayer (peer-to-peer).
Why similar: War 20.5%, Shooter 19.8%, Action 10.4%, FPS 10.1%, Military 8.9%
- #39 Obey The Law
72% match4 user reviews50% of 4 reviews2020
Dev: Huszár András
Windows
In this tactical shooter you lead a special police task force. Your missions include counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and targeting organized crime.
Why similar: VR 40.2%, Co-op 21.3%, Shooter 14.6%, FPS 9.2%, PvE 7.7%
- #40 Nightbeast VR
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Crystal Shark Games
Windows
Nightbeast is a VR shooter where players enter the criminal underworld, becoming skilled marksmen, and boldly confronting ruthless foes as they complete contracts and deliver justice.
Why similar: VR 36.7%, Tactical 20.4%, Shooter 15.6%, Military 11.4%, Combat 10.6%
- #41 Elite Forces
71% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2022
Dev: Finance Unlocked
Windows · Mac
Elite Forces is a cinematic tactical shooter engineered for precision, performance, and progression. Experience high-intensity combat, intelligent enemy AI, and photorealistic environments. Now officially available on macOS with the new cinematic version.
Why similar: War 16.7%, Shooter 14.5%, Tactical 14.5%, Futuristic 12.1%, FPS 9.2%
- #42 Operation Athena
70% matchMostly Positive72% of 43 reviews2024
Dev: MISSING GAME STUDIO, LTD.Pub: GRENARC LLC
Windows
Operation Athena is a tactical first-person shooter inspired by classic tactical shooters, with modern mechanics and a more action-oriented pace. Play solo or with up to 4 players as an Athena Team Operator fighting against a global terrorist threat.
Why similar: War 22.3%, Tactical 12.4%, Shooter 11.8%, Military 9.2%, PvE 9.1%
- #43 Copter and Sky
72% matchMixed67% of 82 reviews2016
Dev: Fly Dream Dev
Windows
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 4.8 hrs≥1hr: 90%
You will control a modern RC hexacopter in different gamemodes!
Why similar: War 28.6%, VR 22.9%, Shooter 15.5%, Combat 11.1%, Simulation 8.8%
- #44 Falcon Fall™
70% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: INFINIT ENTERTAINMENT
Windows
Dropped deep in hostile territory with no backup and no way out but through. Every street is a kill zone, every shadow a threat. Built in UE5 by seasoned VR devs and combat vets, Falcon Fall™ delivers the most unforgiving tactical VR combat experience. Wishlist now - deployment scheduled for 2026.
Why similar: VR 22.9%, Shooter 15.7%, War 14%, Tactical 12.2%, FPS 8.2%
- #45 StarHunter
70% matchNo user reviews2025
Dev: Norrington
Windows
StarHunter is a virtual reality first-person adventure shooter game where players travel to interstellar space to hunt down robots, dragons, and monsters. You will engage in fierce combat using rifles, shotguns, rocket launchers, and other weapons.
Why similar: VR 32.5%, Shooter 15.8%, Futuristic 12.4%, Space 10.8%, FPS 8.9%
- #46 B.U.G. Force
69% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2022
Dev: B.U.G. IT
Windows
B.U.G. Force is a TPS (third-person-shooter) VR Shoot ’Em Up, inspired by old space dog fight games from the early 90's. The game value navigational skills in combination with shooting accuracy and tactics in the same way as the original games.
Why similar: VR 39.3%, Shoot 'Em Up 14.4%, Shooter 13.9%, Futuristic 9.2%, Space 7.2%
- #47 Arma 2
69% matchVery Positive84% of 2,114 reviews
Dev: Bohemia Interactive
Windows
Median: 42 minMean: 15.1 hrs≥1hr: 43%
Building on 10 years of constant engine development, ARMA II boasts the most realistic combat environment in the world. It models real world ballistics & round deflection, materials penetration, features a realtime day/night cycle and dynamic wind, weather and environmental effects.
Why similar: Tactical 19.8%, War 15%, Military 12.2%, Simulation 10.3%, Shooter 9.6%
- #48 America's Army: Proving Grounds
68% matchMostly Positive79% of 11,005 reviews2013
Dev: U.S. Army
Windows
Median: 48 minMean: 33.8 hrs≥1hr: 46%
America’s Army: Proving Grounds is the official game of the U.S. Army and part of the highly acclaimed America’s Army game series. This free military game focuses on small unit tactical maneuvers and puts you to the test in a wide variety of new America’s Army maps and AA fan favorites.
Why similar: Tactical 18.8%, Shooter 16.6%, War 13.4%, FPS 12.2%, Military 11.8%
- #49 Manual Intervention VR
69% match3 user reviews67% of 3 reviews2021
Dev: Spannerworx
Windows
A real-time, sci-fi planetary defence VR game, where the core game mechanic is to orbit around 3D planets and defend the ground colonies by destroying the incoming bombs. Unlock weapons and tools to gain a strategic advantage.
Why similar: VR 45.5%, Tactical 22.3%, Action 9.4%, Combat 9.3%, Shoot 'Em Up 6.5%
- #50 Unsung Heroes 1898
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Venomic Games
Windows
Unsung Heroes 1898 drops you into the heart of the Spanish-American War; a conflict fueled by imperialism, propaganda, and the sacrifices of those caught in its wake. From the jungles of Cuba to the hills of Puerto Rico, engage in major land battles that shaped a turning point in American history.
Why similar: War 31.2%, Shooter 15.6%, Tactical 13.7%, FPS 11.2%, Military 10.1%
- #51 TheLostWorld
67% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Decentralized Horizons LLC
Windows
Venture into a forgotten land where dinosaurs rule and science meets myth. An atmospheric VR hunting adventure inspired by the writings of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Why similar: VR 41.6%, Shooter 23.5%, PvE 13.1%, FPS 12.4%, Action 8.4%
- #52 KARMA
68% matchMostly Negative25% of 16 reviews2021
Dev: Raytrace Interactive
Windows
A soldier who wants to take revenge of his father's brutal murder by Terrorists, Now he decided to destroy all the bases and camps of terrorists.
Why similar: Shooter 18.9%, War 16.2%, Tactical 14.3%, Shoot 'Em Up 13.9%, FPS 9.8%
- #53 Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead
67% matchVery Positive92% of 22,205 reviews2010
Dev: Bohemia Interactive
Windows
Median: 4.6 hrsMean: 80.4 hrs≥1hr: 70%
Three years after the conflict in Chernarus, portrayed in the original Arma 2, a new flashpoint explodes in the Green Sea Region. Coalition forces led by the US Army are deployed to Takistan to quickly restore peace and prevent further civilian casualties.
Why similar: Tactical 19.1%, War 15.8%, Military 12.2%, Simulation 12.1%, Shooter 11.3%
- #54 Space Pirate Trainer
67% matchVery Positive94% of 2,848 reviews2017
Dev: I-Illusions
Windows
Median: 1.0 hrsMean: 3.4 hrs≥1hr: 48%
Space Pirate Trainer is the official trainer for wannabe space pirates in VR. Pick up your blasters, put on your sneakers, and dance your way into the Space Pirate Trainer hall of fame.
Why similar: VR 66.9%, Space 11%, Shooter 10%, Action 6.8%, FPS 2.6%
- #55 Rapid Impact
66% matchMixed69% of 16 reviews2025
Dev: Rapid Impact Studio
Windows
Rapid Impact is an online PvP-PvE shooter in a post-apocalyptic world. Fight players or AI in various modes. The game evolves with community feedback, shaping its future through player voting! Wishlist Rapid Impact now and be among the first to experience intense PvP-PvE battles!
Why similar: War 22.7%, Shooter 17.4%, Tactical 15.2%, Military 9.7%, FPS 9.4%
- #56 Precision Point VR
67% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2024
Dev: Render Reality Studio
Windows
Precision Point VR is a tactical VR shooter focused on close-quarters combat. Execute strategic breaches, rescue hostages, and engage in multiplayer shootouts. Whether you go solo or team up, each decision and bullet counts in this high-stakes SWAT-inspired experience."
Why similar: VR 23.5%, Shooter 15.3%, Tactical 14.5%, FPS 8.1%, Simulation 8%