- #1 CBS: The Beginning
97% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Sim-plistic Studio
Windows · Linux
Just like how it used to be; fight your way through the story of disasters and heroism in this turn based, combat heavy, story driven dystopian sci-fi rpg. CBS: The Beginning is a spinoff of the classic turn-based rpg rules embedded to the world of 'DOTD' with rules unique to itself and fresh story.
Why similar: Dystopian 23.7%, Comic Book 22.2%, Dark Fantasy 14.3%, Stylized 8.5%, Exploration 7.3%
- #2 Away Team
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Klei Entertainment
Windows
Away Team is a new Oxygen Not Included adventure. Take control of a Duplicant and harness a new world where every tile is simulated.
Why similar: Base Building 26.3%, Automation 18.7%, Procedural Generation 16.1%, Simulation 9.5%, Stylized 9.4%
- #3 Auto Cell: Game of Life
96% matchVery Positive87% of 63 reviews2021
Dev: 日辰星火
Windows
Auto Cell run in a two-dimensional grid world. Each grid can be regarded as a small life. It has two states: survival or death.
Why similar: Auto Battler 32.9%, Simulation 19.5%, Automation 14.1%, Strategy 9.4%, Casual 8.7%
- #4 新星下行
95% matchNo user reviews
Dev: abys
Windows
Stellar Descending is a turn-based factory builder spanning multiple layers. As a scout, design vertical production lines using conveyors, assemblers, and inserters. Use strategy and automation to conquer the planet and uncover its secrets.
Why similar: Automation 32.4%, Base Building 31%, Procedural Generation 12%, Simulation 11.5%, Adventure 4.6%
- #5 Oroborus: Planes Of The Dead
94% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Scarab Games
Windows
Planes Of The Dead is a different take on the ARPG genre.
Why similar: Dystopian 25.5%, Base Building 24.7%, Dark Fantasy 20.3%, Procedural Generation 11.2%, Exploration 9.4%
- #6 Pulslink
93% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: FatCoke
Windows
Pulslink is a strategy tower defense with Roguelite building. Drag cables to route pulse energy to towers, design circuit networks, and defend the core against escalating enemy waves.
Why similar: Automation 26.4%, Base Building 21.4%, Auto Battler 18.2%, Procedural Generation 10%, Minimalist 9.5%
- #7 Colony On Mars
94% matchMostly Negative25% of 55 reviews2018
Dev: Nikita "Ghost_RUS"Pub: Ghost_RUS Games
Windows
Median: 30 minMean: 4.4 hrs≥1hr: 20%
You play as an astronaut in a colony on Mars and you need to upgrade your colony, build new constructions and collect resources
Why similar: Base Building 62.3%, Simulation 17.7%, Casual 10.7%, Strategy 9.3%
- #8 The Last Resourcer
92% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: MechaWing Lab
Windows
Survive a hostile world with your droid. Build your base, automate with robots, and manage the energy that keeps you alive. Beware. The tech you rely on may save your life – or destroy it.
Why similar: Base Building 30.6%, Automation 26.6%, Procedural Generation 14.8%, Exploration 10.4%, Sci-fi 9.8%
- #9 The Necromancer Cometh! TD
91% matchPositive95% of 39 reviews2024
Dev: Dang Rascals Studio
Windows
Outsmart the undead in this strategic tower defense where you control the path. Craft deadly mazes, power up your towers, and fight through a dark fantasy world full of charming characters and spooky enemies!
Why similar: Base Building 26.8%, Automation 24.6%, Dark Fantasy 17%, Procedural Generation 14%, Stylized 6%
- #10 Cartefact
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Sillage Games
Windows · Mac
Cartefact is an automation card game. Craft, automate and manage resources all through cards Play as a young explorer who lands on a distant alien planet to uncover its mysteries and find a way to solve humanity’s energy crisis.
Why similar: Automation 39.2%, Base Building 31.1%, Simulation 12.5%, Sci-fi 8.7%, Exploration 6.6%
- #11 Zombies Per Minute
90% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Enzed Studio
Windows · Mac · Linux
Zombies Per Minute is a factory-building roguelite where everything you build is measured by one thing: how many zombies you can kill per minute. Yes, really. Use your imagination to grow your factory, make decisive choices each wave and progress from one outpost to the other. Until Earth is saved.
Why similar: Base Building 27.9%, Automation 26.8%, Simulation 13%, Procedural Generation 11.9%, Narration 9%
- #12 Black Fairy Tale
89% matchPositive90% of 40 reviews2025
Dev: 套鹿工作室Pub: 寻鹿计划
Windows
Transform into a fairy tale girl and engage in simple battles against monsters in front of her. Each school has its own unique characteristics, with hundreds of choices waiting to be made. Embark on a new adventure and uncover the truth behind a dark story.
Why similar: Auto Battler 38%, Dark Fantasy 23.2%, Automation 14%, Strategy 11%, Casual 8.4%
- #13 Factories in Factories in Factories
89% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Abe Wits
Windows · Linux
Build a fractal world. Automate the automation of your automation. Put Factories in Factories in Factories.
Why similar: Automation 34.7%, Base Building 33.3%, Procedural Generation 12.4%, Simulation 8.2%, Casual 5.5%
- #14 The Last Crusade
88% matchNo user reviews
Dev: CloudSpine Games
Windows
Lead humanity's final stand in this dynamic Action RTS. Explore, scavenge, and battle your way to rebuild civilization's last bastion and retake the world. With each crusade being a desperate fight against overwhelming odds, how will you make their sacrifice matter?
Why similar: Dystopian 28.3%, Auto Battler 27.6%, Dark Fantasy 16.4%, Procedural Generation 11.2%, Stylized 5.8%
- #15 Iron Inc.
87% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Segment Games
Windows · Mac
Iron Inc. is a factory building game where you plan, build, and automate on planets across the galaxy while developing inter-planetary logistics systems. Create massive bases and engage in combat on the ground and in space.
Why similar: Simulation 26.3%, Base Building 24.9%, Automation 23.2%, Strategy 13.9%, Casual 10.1%
- #16 Yuri's Resolve
86% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Apothecary Games
Windows
Yuri’s Resolve is a single-player factory-building game set in Mars' orbit. Salvage wreckage, mine Phobos, construct manufacturing systems, and forge a path back home. Operate from the immersive cockpit of your ship as Yuri’s Resolve delivers a bold, innovative take on the factory building genre.
Why similar: Base Building 29.1%, Automation 28%, Simulation 11.1%, Sci-fi 9.8%, Exploration 9.4%
- #17 Biofactory
86% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Bioreactor Studios
Windows
Build your living factory using organs and fleshy biomachines. Combine your pulsating machines to automate and scale up production. Mine, harvest, produce and assemble weird materials in a grimdark biopunk setting. You are an evolving hive-mind brain, driven by one instinct: The factory must grow.
Why similar: Base Building 28.9%, Automation 28.5%, Dystopian 18.4%, Dark Fantasy 11.5%, Simulation 7.7%
- #18 Shush
85% matchMostly Negative34% of 47 reviews2025
Dev: Bright DevelopersPub: Elijah Anadon
Windows
You are one of the "Waste Warriors", navigating hazardous forests to gather trash for the Eco-Collector. Collect resources, build a base, evade enemies, and uncover the dark secret hidden within the Eco-Collector to survive.
Why similar: Dystopian 24.6%, Base Building 24%, Procedural Generation 16.5%, Exploration 10.2%, Thriller 8.9%
- #19 Industronaut
84% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Amca Games
Windows
A survival engineering game where you build life support habitats, mine resources, and automate production chains to survive alone on a radiation heavy planet with no rescue and no external support.
Why similar: Automation 34.5%, Base Building 32.9%, Sci-fi 10.1%, Simulation 8.3%, Casual 5.9%
- #20 One Turret
82% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: Kaplin86
Windows · Linux
"One Turret" is a factory-building solo-tower-defense with a large emphasis on large crafting trees.
Why similar: Automation 35.8%, Base Building 34%, Simulation 16.4%, Sci-fi 8%, Strategy 4.8%
- #21 CREEP ZONE
83% matchNo user reviews
Dev: SKOOTA GAMESPub: SCOOTER FILMS INC.
Windows
Coco, the princess of the Creep Zone, is doomed to be decapitated and become only her head by a ritual to imbue her with magical powers. If she can take the throne from her mother, she can stop this ritual... Coco's adventure to become king begins.
Why similar: Dystopian 49.2%, Dark Fantasy 33.6%, Exploration 8.5%, Adventure 7.5%, Singleplayer 1.3%
- #22 Lairchitect
84% matchMixed61% of 61 reviews2020
Dev: Sokpop Collective
Windows · Mac
Lairchitect is a reverse dungeon crawler! Build your own lair and protect your precious soul core from heroes that try to raid your dungeon. Distracting heroes and using the right minions to defeat them is key in winning the game.
Why similar: Auto Battler 34.7%, Base Building 31.2%, Simulation 12%, Strategy 10.2%, Procedural Generation 8.1%
- #23 One More Turret
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: CNES Studio
Windows
One More Turret is an automation and tower defense strategy game with interesting innovations. Gather resources and enemy loot to construct intricate factory while defending against relentless monster waves. Can you strike the perfect balance between production and defense?
Why similar: Base Building 29.3%, Automation 28.1%, Procedural Generation 16.5%, Simulation 8.4%, Exploration 6.1%
- #24 Another Game About Automation
80% matchMixed56% of 18 reviews2026
Dev: myownyose
Windows
Another Game About Automation is a casual factory-building where you have to generate numbers and combine them with mathematical operations. Upgrade and unlock new mathematical operations.
Why similar: Base Building 38.4%, Automation 37.6%, Simulation 16.3%, Casual 6.5%, Singleplayer 1.2%
- #25 ReFactory
81% matchMostly Positive78% of 91 reviews2022
Dev: AIVIK LLCPub: BIVAK LLC
Windows
Build, explore, fight! ReFactory is a 2D strategy game with a focus on construction and logistics where you build an automated mega-factory on an alien planet.
Why similar: Base Building 35.6%, Automation 27.4%, Simulation 17.9%, Strategy 9.8%, Casual 7.8%
- #26 People Jumping Tower
81% matchPositive83% of 35 reviews2023
Dev: Gamesforgames
Windows
"People Jumping Tower" is a casual-indie game that tests the player's athletic abilities and challenges them to beat their own records.
Why similar: Comic Book 38.7%, Automation 22.1%, Simulation 15.6%, Stylized 12.3%, Casual 9.4%
- #27 Lichworks
79% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Rune Logic
Windows · Mac · Linux
You are a necromancer, build your undead empire. A necromancer automation game where your army is your logistics network. Route mindless minions via signposts, automate production chains, equip your soldiers and conquer the Human Empire.
Why similar: Base Building 31%, Automation 30.4%, Dark Fantasy 21.9%, Simulation 9.2%, Strategy 6.6%
- #28 The Factory Must Fall
79% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Squared Games
Windows
The Factory Must Fall is a factory-building autobattler where your factory's produced units fight other players. Draft buildings from a random shop, design your factory, optimize resource allocation and army composition to climb the ladder in asynchronous PvP.
Why similar: Automation 35.6%, Auto Battler 28.2%, Base Building 16.8%, Dark Fantasy 8.1%, Strategy 6.5%
- #29 TowerLine
77% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Mehmet Melih Solt
Windows
Build production lines to extract resources, craft parts, and assemble towers. Complete orders, earn rewards, unlock new machines, and grow your factory.
Why similar: Base Building 32.6%, Automation 31.3%, Procedural Generation 18.1%, Simulation 10.7%, Strategy 5.1%
- #30 Ruin and Rebirth
77% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Andrew Teo, Adam TeoPub: AT-AT Games
Windows
Ruin and Rebirth is a fantasy open-world factory building game with creature taming and breeding. In this playable creation myth, bring life back to a surreal, shattered, post-divine apocalyptic world where the gods have died.
Why similar: Base Building 27.9%, Automation 27.5%, Comic Book 18.1%, Procedural Generation 14.3%, Simulation 8.7%
- #31 JUNKPUNK
78% matchMixed63% of 672 reviews2021
Dev: SCT
Windows
Median: 1.8 hrsMean: 2.8 hrs≥1hr: 61%
JUNKPUNK is a factory management, base building, exploration game where a New World Robotics ship has crash landed. You and any survivors must restore this ruined planet and prepare it for habitable life. Craft, build, explore, discover, and grow to terraform the planet.
Why similar: Dystopian 31%, Automation 26.3%, Base Building 18.1%, Simulation 10.6%, Exploration 9%
- #32 Factoriant
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Marudice
Windows
Factoriant is a factory builder where you construct an underground ant factory. As a queen ant, dig tunnels, carry food, and hatch worker ants to automate your production. Defend your nest from threats like birds and humans, and build a subterranean ant colony.
Why similar: Automation 33.5%, Base Building 32.2%, Procedural Generation 17%, Minimalist 10.2%, Simulation 6.7%
- #33 Final Factory
76% matchMostly Positive79% of 300 reviews2024
Dev: Never Games Limited
Windows · Mac
Median: 1.9 hrsMean: 7.9 hrs≥1hr: 63%
Final Factory blends factory building, spaceship design, and a rich universe to explore. Build a mega factory and command a massive fleet against the hostile local aliens. Discover new technologies and unlock the secrets of an ancient civilization as you explore an infinite cosmos.
Why similar: Base Building 28.1%, Automation 27.8%, Procedural Generation 11.2%, Simulation 8.9%, Sci-fi 8.8%
- #34 The Evolving World: Catalyst Wake
78% matchPositive88% of 17 reviews2022
Dev: LockedOn
Windows · Mac · Linux
Catalyst Wake is a cinematic visual novel set in a vividly stylized post-apocalyptic world. Discover a thrilling story of assassins, corrupted leaders, and scrap-metal robots, as humanity faces what could be its final hours.
Why similar: Comic Book 38.6%, Dystopian 31.5%, Stylized 13.8%, Adventure 8.6%, Sci-fi 6.8%
- #35 Monsters Auto Battler
75% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2024
Dev: Soomka Games
Windows
In this game, you need to fight monsters in small arenas, where, having placed mercenaries, you just have to watch the battle.
Why similar: Auto Battler 34.8%, Simulation 20.8%, Base Building 19.5%, Casual 13.2%, Strategy 10.5%
- #36 Core Splitter
74% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Splitter Studio
Windows
Automate your factory to fuel a planet-splitting laser drill. Mass-produce mechanized combat units, deploy them in tactical auto-battles to conquer enemy outposts, and route their resources back to your expanding mega-factory. Grow your army and destroy the Runaway Artificial Superintelligence (RAS)
Why similar: Base Building 27.7%, Automation 27.2%, Auto Battler 26%, Exploration 9.1%, Simulation 5.7%
- #37 Mito
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Ink Deer Games
Windows
A plant-sim automation game with resource management and roguelike progression. Build transport networks, manage resource flow, unlock mutations, and stack synergies as you spread across procedurally generated biomes.
Why similar: Automation 36.8%, Base Building 20.9%, Simulation 15.2%, Procedural Generation 14.3%, Strategy 9.3%
- #38 the collective
73% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: The Colonization Bureau
Mac
Build and optimize the factory systems keeping people alive aboard a generation ship. Form relationships with a crew that remembers everything, and uncover the truth about your past. A factory-building life sim set 300 years into a 750-year voyage.
Why similar: Automation 29.9%, Base Building 28.9%, Dystopian 21.3%, Simulation 11.1%, RPG 5.7%
- #39 Jigsaw Industry
72% match7 user reviews86% of 7 reviews2025
Dev: Light Game
Windows
Jigsaw Industry is a game that allows you to unleash your creativity and fully enjoy the fun of thinking. Design your own factory to combine and process different shapes and colors. A fully automated and intelligent factory can be achieved through digital circuits, logic signals, and other means.
Why similar: Automation 36%, Base Building 36%, Simulation 8.1%, Procedural Generation 6.9%, Casual 6%
- #40 They're Not Monsters
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Belette Team Studio
Windows · Mac
They're Not Monsters is a real-time Roguelike where you play as a mad scientist raising and controlling commandos of mutant rabbits. Activate chips in their brains, and go reconquer your kingdom... scientifically!
Why similar: Auto Battler 38.2%, Base Building 31.2%, Procedural Generation 9.6%, Sci-fi 7.3%, RPG 6%
- #41 Spiderbro
74% matchMixed60% of 20 reviews2022
Dev: Studio Pond
Windows · Linux
Help Spiderbro through a strange dystopia and overcome the shadow spider that is constantly hindering you. Collect items and solve puzzles and keep moving, don't let the shadow spider get the better of you.
Why similar: Dystopian 31.2%, Dark Fantasy 19.7%, Stylized 13%, Exploration 12.2%, Minimalist 11.9%
- #42 Subzero Tides
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Logical Progression Games
Windows · Linux
Build, trade, and survive in a living ecosystem where every choice shapes the colony and every faction remembers. Deep systems connect production, management, and survival in a world that never stops reacting.
Why similar: Dystopian 35.1%, Base Building 26.2%, Sci-fi 11.4%, Exploration 10.5%, Simulation 10.3%
- #43 Crystal: Automaton
71% matchPositive100% of 28 reviews2025
Dev: Balding Games
Windows
A short automation challenge aimed at everyone from beginner to veteran. Take your time to uncover the lore of an ancient civilization without any dangers. Can you find a clever way to use logistics to overcome the scarce space available?
Why similar: Automation 29.9%, Dystopian 25.5%, Exploration 11.8%, Minimalist 7.8%, Sci-fi 7.3%
- #44 Bestion
72% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2024
Dev: JellyCat Games
Windows
Bestion is a game that combines Roguelike tower defense elements with automated factory construction. Players are required to construct their own factory on a planet and protect the kernel from monster attacks.
Why similar: Automation 37%, Base Building 35.3%, Simulation 13.7%, Strategy 6.7%, Sci-fi 4%
- #45 Creator-initial
71% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: icon123
Windows
A real -time strategy game that can create items to operate logic.No resource collection
Why similar: Base Building 23.6%, Automation 21.9%, Simulation 15.8%, Procedural Generation 15.1%, Casual 9.1%
- #46 Manaftory
70% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Hiyakaru
Windows
Collect resources, build machines, and automate everything. Explore magical lands, face hostile creatures, and turn their loot into part of your factory system. This is your Manaftory — a magical factory powered by mana.
Why similar: Automation 44.2%, Base Building 32.7%, Simulation 21.6%, Singleplayer 1.5%
- #47 Hazy Hollow
70% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Crimson Eye Games
Windows
Dig and explore the depth of the earth. Mine and harvest miscellaneous resources. Craft better tools and weapons and expand your base ! Fight against local mobs. Unlock electricity to lighten the darker depths. Automate harvesting to reign on the underground world !
Why similar: Base Building 31.2%, Automation 28.3%, Procedural Generation 21.4%, Exploration 11%, Casual 3.8%
- #48 Flow Of War
70% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Rongcon Games
Windows
A classic RTS about building and defending your evolving base. Workers automatically gather resources so you can focus on strategy, expansion, and upgrades. Build walls and towers, command mobile troops, and survive endless procedurally generated enemy waves.
Why similar: Auto Battler 27.8%, Base Building 22.5%, Automation 20.3%, Procedural Generation 13.6%, Dark Fantasy 10.3%
- #49 AutoForge
69% matchVery Positive88% of 450 reviews2024
Dev: Siege Games
Windows
A 2D automation sandbox adventure. Build an automated factory with Mana-powered machines, progress through an expansive tech tree, explore a vast and wonderful world, upgrade yourself with ancient technologies, and defend it all from invasions.
Why similar: Procedural Generation 26%, Base Building 22.4%, Automation 21.5%, Sci-fi 8.2%, Simulation 7.6%
- #50 Adaptory
67% matchVery Positive84% of 91 reviews2026
Dev: Stormcloak GamesPub: indie.io
Windows · Mac
Deep in uncharted space, your expedition took a challenging turn when your ship crash-landed. Master complex simulations to keep your outspoken explorers alive, face unpredictable challenges, and figure out a way back home.
Why similar: Base Building 31.4%, Automation 23.6%, Procedural Generation 17.6%, Simulation 11.7%, Sci-fi 8.7%
- #51 The Last Seed
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: YebStudio
Windows
Restore life on a dying planet in this 2D automation strategy game. Build production chains, reclaim the ecosystem, and survive a hostile world with the help of The Last Seed.
Why similar: Base Building 31.4%, Automation 29.9%, Procedural Generation 12.3%, Simulation 10.5%, Exploration 9.7%
- #52 A Planet of Mine MasterMine Edition
67% matchPositive97% of 32 reviews2025
Dev: Tuesday Quest
Windows · Mac · Linux
A Planet of Mine Mastermine Edition is a cozy 4X game with mass strategy! Choose your winning gang, mastermine resources, and build your base and tools to boost your technology and conquer space! Unless your neighbors don’t see it that way… Trade, peace or clash: your planet, your choice!
Why similar: Base Building 21.2%, Automation 20.7%, Simulation 15.4%, Procedural Generation 11.7%, Exploration 9.9%
- #53 We Need More Steam!
69% match4 user reviews50% of 4 reviews2024
Dev: Mars On Fire
Windows · Linux
We Need More Steam! is about strategizing and creating as much electricity as possible for a town's people always demanding more!
Why similar: Automation 37.1%, Base Building 26.3%, Simulation 13.1%, Strategy 11.8%, Casual 10.7%
- #54 Reverse Dyson Ball :Portal Tower
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: 大头鲸工作室
Windows
Reverse Dyson Sphere: Portal Tower is a Rogue attack tower defense. The game takes place in an elevated world called "Anti Dyson Ball". Here, you will guide the power of the Folding Tower, commanding different factions and unique characters in battle, defeating strong enemies with them.
Why similar: Auto Battler 41.3%, Dystopian 36%, Simulation 13.9%, Strategy 8%, Singleplayer 0.8%
- #55 Junk Rise
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Bario
Windows
Build your recycling empire from junk! Collect, process, and craft valuable products in a chill, satisfying simulator where garbage becomes gold ♻️ .
Why similar: Base Building 37.6%, Automation 19.5%, Simulation 10.4%, Stylized 8.9%, Exploration 8%
- #56 Orange - The Annoying Clicker
67% matchMixed47% of 43 reviews2024
Dev: lorder23
Windows
Orange is a spiritual successor to certain phallic fruit clicker Game, in which you click an Orange, only a little bit more annoying *wink*! All you have to do is click the Orange! No Drama No Stress
Why similar: Auto Battler 40.5%, Simulation 25.4%, Automation 19%, Casual 13.8%, Singleplayer 1.3%
- #57 Pixel Starships 2
66% matchMostly Negative25% of 352 reviews2025
Dev: SavySoda
Windows · Mac
First Glimpse on Steam Next: Build, Configure, and Manage every aspect of your own Starship. An FTL-esque game in a MMO setting. Pre bundled with deep strategy, exploration, PVP, market economy, trading, mining. Basically everything a star captain wants to do after a day at the office :)
Why similar: Auto Battler 24.7%, Base Building 23.8%, Automation 23.6%, Sci-fi 9.2%, Simulation 7.3%
- #58 GreySpire
66% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: BluSheep
Windows · Linux
Build random towers, combine them into powerful defenses, farm gold, go fishing for jackpots, and level up to get stronger every run in GreySpire!
Why similar: Auto Battler 43.9%, Base Building 23.9%, Casual 14.3%, Strategy 12%, Fantasy 4.7%
- #59 Automation Station
67% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Boxbot Games
Windows
Explore a mysterious planet, harvest and refine resources, discover new technology, craft machines, and set up automated factories.
Why similar: Automation 31.9%, Base Building 29.3%, Simulation 10.8%, Sci-fi 9.2%, Exploration 6.6%