- #1 L30-P4RD
97% matchMixed53% of 15 reviews2022
Dev: 김정표Pub: L30-P4RD
Windows
L30-P4RD is Sci-Fi Top-down shooter. You explore planets as a member of the L30-P4RD, a special force that pioneered planets for civilization.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.7%, Shooter 24.2%, Action 21.9%, Top-Down 15.4%, Singleplayer 0.9%
- #2 JUST DEFENSE
96% matchPositive85% of 20 reviews2021
Dev: BlueFogs
Windows
"Just Defense" is a simple Topdown view defense game.Upgrade your weapons, build turrets and kill enemies.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.9%, Shooter 22.2%, Action 19.7%, Top-Down 14.8%, Combat 5.8%
- #3 SWAT GAME
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: vetrex
Windows
SWAT GAME is a 2D top-down multiplayer PvP/PVE shooter. Play as Tactical Unit Foxtrot and coordinate strategic breaches, or play as the OP4 and fortify your position. Battle across procedurally generated facilities, draw strategies, and use tactical utilities to execute your plans with your team.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 25.9%, Shooter 19%, Action 14.8%, Tactical 13.9%, Combat 7%
- #4 3 SECONDS REMAINING
95% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2025
Dev: tiny.ROM
Windows
3 SECONDS REMAINING is a simple top-down shooter made by tiny.ROM,
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 40.6%, Shooter 20%, Top-Down 12.2%, Action 11.9%, PvE 8.1%
- #5 Threshold Control
94% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Nikolaos Papadopoulos
Windows
Cooperate with your friends in Threshold Control, a Co-Op Top-Down Shooter where teamwork matters.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 31.1%, Shooter 16.3%, Top-Down 13.3%, Tactical 10.8%, Action 10%
- #6 Operation Thunder
94% matchPositive100% of 16 reviews2021
Dev: Flashblack Games
Windows · Linux
Operation Thunder is a top-down shooter with a tactical twist and destructible walls. Use your guns, gadgets and wits to outsmart your enemies and become a hero. Good luck, Soldier.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.5%, Shooter 18.3%, Top-Down 12.3%, Action 12.2%, Tactical 11%
- #7 La P'tite Box: Technodrama
93% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Cyclopsquid
Windows
A top-down action game. Explore a fractured, chaotic world, scavenge for a new energy core, and fight off the twisted machine-flesh husks that hunt you—all before your dying bastion falls for good.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.8%, Action 18%, Shooter 17.1%, Post-apocalyptic 14.6%, PvE 4.9%
- #8 Sleep
92% match6 user reviews33% of 6 reviews2022
Dev: STuNT
Windows
Nastya, she is 18 years old. Every day she draws images of the monsters that come to her and describes them. And every night, Nastya has a dream where she fights her monsters. And with each dream, you have to get out of the dream.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 42.6%, Shooter 19.4%, Top-Down 12.8%, Action 12.5%, PvE 10.3%
- #9 Rescue Incoming
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Seven
Windows
Survive escalating zombie attacks while scavenging supplies and upgrading your gear. Hold out until rescue arrives... if you can.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 38.5%, Shooter 18.1%, Top-Down 12.2%, Action 11.3%, PvE 9.3%
- #10 ZOMBIE RAID: No One Survives
91% matchMixed52% of 159 reviews2024
Dev: Red Dot Studio
Windows
Join the fight for survival in a top-down shooter with realistic-looking combat. Raid the infected city and fight for survival in team battles.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 25%, Shooter 12.5%, Top-Down 9.7%, Survival 9.5%, Post-apocalyptic 8.4%
- #11 Smash Dash: Demolition Run
90% matchNo user reviews
Dev: GUNI
Windows
Top-down PvE looter shooter. Fight, loot, and survive—extract to keep your items and clear the stage.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 38.9%, Shooter 19.4%, Action 14.3%, PvE 8%, Tactical 6.8%
- #12 BeginnerZombieSurvival
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Styopa Balabekyan Pub: Styopa Balabekyan
Windows
Beginner Zombie Survival is a 2D top-down action shooter where you battle waves of zombies across 15 maps and 75 increasingly difficult levels. Upgrade your weapons, survive each arena, and fight through a dark post-apocalyptic world.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 31.9%, Shooter 19.6%, Action 17.6%, Top-Down 11%, Survival 8.9%
- #13 Survival Z
89% matchPositive85% of 13 reviews2021
Dev: Ember Entertainment
Windows · Mac
There are 3 rules for surviving the zombie apocalypse: Shoot, Survive, Repeat.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 38.1%, Shooter 18.8%, Post-apocalyptic 13.4%, Action 10.3%, Top-Down 9.9%
- #14 Snake Force
86% matchOverwhelmingly Positive97% of 5,772 reviews2021
Dev: Team Soda
Windows · Mac
Snake Force is an alternative top-down shooting game inspired by the classic game Snake. In this game, you’ll rescue your bros and fight along side with them. You and your bros will stand in a line, and shoot at the same point. Keep the shape of your squad, because bullets hurt whatever they hit.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 32.8%, Shooter 20.8%, Action 14.5%, Top-Down 12.4%, Tactical 9.3%
- #15 Hostile Process
87% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Jimanzium
Windows
A fast-paced top-down shooter where aiming is controlled by rotating the camera. Use your character’s enhanced abilities to carve the fastest route through each level. Chase faster times, earn ranks, and unlock new challenges.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 46.8%, Action 18.5%, Shooter 11.5%, Top-Down 10.1%, Combat 9.1%
- #16 One Clone Left
88% match6 user reviews83% of 6 reviews2016
Dev: ButtonSoft
Windows
Team up with friends to fight hordes of zombies and mutants that roam post-apocalyptic earth. Need extra lives and allies to help you fight? Just clone yourself and your weapons! Protect your fabricator to become an unstoppable force, able to take on any mutant in your sights.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 27.1%, Post-apocalyptic 17.4%, Shooter 10.6%, Top-Down 10%, Action 7.6%
- #17 Casenology
85% matchNo user reviews100% of 1 reviews2026
Dev: SPUTNIK STUDIO
Windows
A top-down tactical shooter where you must plan every step and execute your actions with precision. Fight enemies, rescue hostages, and complete various missions!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 39.9%, Shooter 17.1%, Top-Down 14.6%, Action 11.7%, PvE 7.5%
- #18 Paragone Bomb
86% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Millant
Windows
Top-down shooter with a bird's-eye view. Epic hunt against various enemies using tactical maneuvers, different weapons, and the protagonist's abilities.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 42.8%, Shooter 21.1%, Top-Down 15.4%, Action 15.2%, Combat 5%
- #19 Keeping Night
84% matchNo user reviews2025
Dev: Four X Four
Windows
Take on the role of a security guard in this fast-paced 2D action-strategy game. Outsmart intruders using CCTV, weapons, and clever tactics to defend your building!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.4%, Shooter 22.4%, Action 19.4%, Top-Down 13.7%, Combat 5.6%
- #20 BruhBruh
84% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Branden Call
Windows · Linux
A competitive multiplayer top-down shooter where precise aim, strategic wall placement, and unique abilities determine who survives the fight.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.9%, Shooter 18.2%, Action 17.6%, Top-Down 9.5%, Tactical 6.3%
- #21 Operation : Escape
83% match7 user reviews71% of 7 reviews2025
Dev: ICT@SUPub: ZDKHub
Windows
A sci-fi top-down shooter game. 2D top-downYou shooting game. You get kidnapped by alien from far away and infested by their blood, which makes you able to use their weapon. You have to get out there before they catch you and do some weird thing with your body
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 41.1%, Shooter 24.7%, Action 21.6%, Top-Down 12%, Singleplayer 0.6%
- #22 Project: Firmament
82% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: Shoe Stealin Studios LLC
Windows
PROJECT: FIRMAMENT is a top-down horde shooter where you blast through missions using a unique aiming system that puts quick-minded positioning, map knowledge, and loadout planning as the main contributors to your success.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 32.1%, Shooter 19.7%, Action 17.7%, Post-apocalyptic 12.2%, Top-Down 11%
- #23 Main Action
82% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2023
Dev: nn
Windows
Main Action - 3d top-down shooter with pixel graphics, not a long game with magic and monsters. In this game you will save the world and the villagers from evil. You are a magical creature who alone must cope with evil.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 44.9%, Shooter 21.9%, Top-Down 14%, Action 12.3%, Combat 3.8%
- #24 LostControl
81% matchNo user reviews
Dev: zechac
Windows
A top‑down post‑apocalyptic shooter‑puzzle game. Delve into an underground research complex occupied by rogue machines, uncover buried truths, combat hostile automatons and make choices that decide the final fate.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 30.9%, Shooter 19.1%, Post-apocalyptic 17.8%, Action 16.1%, Top-Down 8.8%
- #25 Combat Evolved 2D
81% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: Rated.Dev
Windows
Unleash Your Inner Warrior in a Fast-Paced Top-Down 2D PvP Extravaganza! Strategy meets skill in intense player-versus-player combat! Master your hero, outsmart your opponents, and rise to the top in this vibrant, action-packed battleground.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.7%, Top-Down 14.7%, Tactical 12.7%, Action 12.1%, PvP 7.2%
- #26 AstroWars
80% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Jonathan Silverman
Windows
AstroWars is a top down 2d shooter with monsters and a blue gun. Earn score by killing monsters and try to beat your top score.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.4%, Shooter 21.6%, Action 17.9%, Top-Down 10.6%, Survival 6.6%
- #27 Dynamic Breach
79% matchNo user reviews
Dev: CinetheZs
Windows · Linux
Lead a deniable squad through Project Requiem: a necro-tech conspiracy where the dead are piloted by a networked AI, the Choir. A top-down tactical shooter, story campaign solo with bot allies or co-op (Steam & LAN), plus PvP and PvE modes.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 32.1%, Shooter 19.5%, Action 15.8%, Top-Down 10.6%, Tactical 9.8%
- #28 Unaided: 1939
79% matchMostly Positive67% of 18 reviews2016
Dev: Drix Studios
Windows
Unaided: 1939 is a hardcore Top-Down shooter with stealth elements, set in the year 1939 before the start of World War II. Germany has not yet attacked Poland but tensions have already risen in central Europe.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 47.7%, Top-Down 22.9%, Action 22.9%, Indie 6.5%
- #29 ReCoil
77% matchPositive83% of 12 reviews2024
Dev: Sisyphean Games
Windows
ReCoil is a 2D Top-Down Shooter with a unique twist to it's genre. The recoil of your weapons launches you back.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 45.6%, Top-Down 15.6%, Action 13.4%, Shooter 13%, Combat 5.1%
- #30 Roscarian Defender
78% matchNo user reviews
Dev: RoscoMonium
Windows · Mac
Roscarian Defenders is a 2D top-down twin-stick shooter where your goal is to survive as many rounds as possible. To progress to the next round, you must kill every enemy. As the rounds progress, enemies become tougher and more dangerous.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 29.6%, Shooter 19.8%, Action 18%, Post-apocalyptic 9.9%, PvE 8.8%
- #31 Purrfect Frenzy
77% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: Cubeprojekt
Windows
A fast-paced top-down survival shooter where a cat fights off waves of rats in a brutal gladiatorial arena. Survive dynamic stages with evolving challenges and uncover hidden secrets behind the rat hordes.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.5%, Shooter 21.7%, Action 18.1%, Top-Down 11.3%, Survival 7.1%
- #32 Destruction
78% matchNo user reviews2019
Dev: raccoon
Windows
Destruction is a game that destroys enemies up to 25 stages. A variety of powerful enemies will attack you. Don't let your guard down and use three modes and a variety of skills to destroy your enemies.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 38.1%, Action 20%, Shooter 19.9%, Top-Down 15.7%, Indie 6.2%
- #33 Dawn of the Zombies: Survivors
75% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: ES-Interactive
Windows
Face the horde in a world of shifting light and rainy nights. Choose from 4 heroes and 3 weapons to survive 2 deadly maps. Customize your run with 100+ nodes. Play solo or split-screen across 3 difficulties. Start at 6 AM. When the colors fade to gray, the real fight begins.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 34.3%, Shooter 14.5%, Action 13.2%, Survival 12.5%, Top-Down 10.1%
- #34 Mercenary Operator: Wolves
76% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2021
Dev: Dustin
Windows
Mercenary Operator: Wolves is a 2D top-down shooter with a focus on methodical, tactical gameplay.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 39.3%, Shooter 18.3%, Top-Down 11.9%, Tactical 9.9%, Action 9.4%
- #35 Super Bedrock Brawl
73% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: ENgames
Windows
Take part in fast-paced top down online PvP action! Mine ores, buy items, explore structures, and fight to the death in intense shootouts with up to 7 other players. With countless items and weapons to try out across many different game modes, grab your friends and descend down to bedrock!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.8%, Shooter 15.3%, Action 11.8%, PvP 11.4%, Top-Down 10.5%
- #36 塞图格莉娜号Sertorgina
76% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: 拉可欧蒂
Windows
Welcome to explore the unknown world with Sertorgina together. You will face various enemies, from ordinary soldiers to powerful boss.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 40.6%, Shooter 25.1%, Top-Down 15.1%, Survival 10.4%, Combat 6%
- #37 The Spectator
75% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2022
Dev: STuNT
Windows
The world is on the verge of collapse. The once fertile lands have become barren. The sun, once a beacon of life, has become a sign of terror. The temperature is unbearable. Living things live in constant fear and seek shelter from the scorching light.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 42.8%, Shooter 19.7%, Top-Down 13.1%, Action 12%, PvE 10.2%
- #38 Shadow Mantis
74% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Stuart Barker
Windows
A modern revival of classic top-down 2D stealth-action. Infiltrate a covert military base, procure weapons and equipment on-site, evade detection, and destroy the weapon known as SHADOW MANTIS.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 46.2%, Shooter 22.8%, Action 15.4%, Tactical 10%, Combat 5%
- #39 Ded Inside
74% matchPositive88% of 49 reviews2019
Dev: Oblom studioPub: BekkerDev Studio
Windows
Ded Inside is a topdown shooter in a large open location, where you destroy the demons who invaded our world.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 41.2%, Action 18.5%, Shooter 18.4%, Top-Down 15.9%, Indie 6%
- #40 Santa's War on Christmas
73% match2 user reviews50% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: ElgSoft
Windows
Santa’s War on Christmas is a top-down action game where Santa is fighting to stop the naughty Cabal with Coal, Gingerbread Stars, Candy Canes and Walnuts to once more be able to spread happiness and joy for all.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.5%, Shooter 23.1%, Action 20.3%, Top-Down 15.5%, Indie 3%
- #41 W.R.M.
73% matchNo user reviews2025
Dev: Biofire Games LLC
Windows
You are part of W.R.M trying to survive in a hostile world, plunge into the depths of the earth, and discover secrets long forgotten. Gather Anthracite. SURVIVE!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 33.6%, Shooter 21.3%, Action 18.7%, Post-apocalyptic 18.1%, PvE 5.8%
- #42 R for Revenge
72% matchNo user reviews
Dev: TienLee
Windows
R for Revenge is a brutal top-down shooter that fuses gunplay with a devastating combat skill system. Dismantle a criminal underworld as two unique agents, chain firepower with supernatural abilities, and master high-octane encounters where one bullet is all it takes.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 41.7%, Shooter 19.5%, Top-Down 13.1%, Action 10.7%, PvE 10%
- #43 Survivor's End
72% match4 user reviews0% of 4 reviews2023
Dev: Nikita "Ghost_RUS"Pub: Ghost_RUS Games
Windows
Grab your guns and get ready to take on the zombie apocalypse like never before!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 30.5%, Shooter 18.8%, Post-apocalyptic 18.4%, Top-Down 11.2%, Action 10.6%
- #44 Kill Through
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Holy Terra team
Windows
Blast through endless zombie hordes in KillThrough, a 2D isometric pixel shooter! Manage limited ammo, use diverse weapons, and master strategic movement to survive. Experience fast-paced, retro combat filled with satisfying pixel gore. Your only goal: Kill Through!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.6%, Shooter 19.2%, Top-Down 14%, Action 10.5%, Post-apocalyptic 7.4%
- #45 Ripper
71% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Unheard Software
Windows · Linux
Ripper is a top-down shooter with fully destructible environments, fog of war, and Steam multiplayer. Break through walls, survive enemy waves, and battle your friends.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 31.3%, Shooter 14.9%, Post-apocalyptic 12.9%, Top-Down 9.7%, Action 8.9%
- #46 Vacubot
70% match8 user reviews88% of 8 reviews2025
Dev: Ohbit
Windows
Vacubot is a fast-paced, top-down shooter. Players must survive increasingly challenging battlefields by using a variety of weapons to fight off swarming enemy robots and powerful bosses.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.3%, Shooter 24.5%, Action 16.5%, Top-Down 13.6%, PvE 4.5%
- #47 Nine Lives
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: SofyCat
Windows
Nine lives is a horde, round-based zombies experience inspired by multiple known games! Labeled "The most polished topdown shooter ever" this game is made for and by the community!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 32.2%, Shooter 21.5%, Action 17.6%, Top-Down 7.9%, PvE 6.8%
- #48 Bots Crusher Arena
70% matchPositive92% of 12 reviews2022
Dev: Cow Games
Windows
Bot Crusher Arena is an open top-down shooter where the player takes on the role of a cyborg participating in an arena elimination with other cyborgs. The task is to survive in the arena and defeat all enemies. Don't let the enemies hit you.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 47.9%, Shooter 23.2%, Top-Down 16.9%, Action 9.4%, Indie 2%
- #49 Survival Soldier
70% matchNo user reviews2024
Dev: ARAKI
Windows · Mac
Survival Soldier is a shooting game with a top-down perspective. Survive to the end by slaying the onslaught of zombies!
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 43.5%, Shooter 19.5%, Survival 15.6%, Action 9.2%, Top-Down 8.3%
- #50 Field Survivor
69% matchPositive100% of 11 reviews2021
Dev: Code Adventure
Windows
Top-down zombie shooter game where you survive against hordes of zombies. Every wave the number of enemies encreases. Hey, tell me you have enough bullets, don't you?
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 37.4%, Post-apocalyptic 18.1%, Action 17.7%, Shooter 12.4%, Top-Down 8.2%
- #51 Core Break
68% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2024
Dev: MythByte
Windows
Explore an abandoned space station in this top-down action-adventure. Customize your weapons, face hostile threats, and extract AI cores to uncover hidden secrets. Survival is key as you navigate the station's unpredictable dangers, guided remotely by your operator, Pryce.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.1%, Shooter 22%, Action 17.5%, Top-Down 14.7%, Combat 4.6%
- #52 A Minor Pest Problem
68% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2025
Dev: SN PixelWorks
Windows
In "A Minor Pest Problem," Pilot a heavily armed truck through environments in this 2D top-down shooter. Prove that no problem is too big for a trucker with enough firepower. Drive, shoot, survive, and show the wilderness what a real pest looks like.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 42.9%, Shooter 19.7%, Action 16.8%, Top-Down 13%, Combat 5.3%
- #53 POPTANK
69% match2 user reviews0% of 2 reviews2022
Dev: Tomoki
Windows
Pop-Cute Shooting game‼︎
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 46.2%, Shooter 23%, Top-Down 15.5%, Action 12.9%, Indie 1.9%
- #54 Break the Maze
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Nerd Chomp
Windows
Top-down shooter with only one target: THE MAZE. Build your arsenal, upgrade abilities, and blast through walls to escape the ever-shifting maze before it can trap you forever.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.1%, Shooter 22.3%, Action 19.6%, Top-Down 14.1%, Combat 5.5%
- #55 Daedalus - No Escape
69% matchVery Positive81% of 150 reviews2014
Dev: Patrice Meneguzzi
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 18 minMean: 7.9 hrs≥1hr: 34%
If Quake 3 Arena and Alien Breed had a baby ... it would be named Daedalus - No Escape.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 41.7%, Action 27.6%, Top-Down 16.1%, Indie 8%, Multiplayer 6.6%
- #56 Two Sides
67% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: LogLog Games
Windows
Two Sides is a unique sandbox where you explore the duality of choices. Play as a savior or a sinner, navigating through complex scenarios that challenge your morality. You create your own story.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 36.7%, Shooter 22.6%, Action 19.4%, Top-Down 13.9%, Tactical 6.8%
- #57 Insomnia
67% matchNo user reviews
Dev: DestarX
Windows
Insomnia is a top-down shooter with psychological horror elements. Take part in fierce firefights, perform tasks covertly, act on intuition. Will you be able to survive all the enemies, stop moral outrage around you, and save others without losing your mind?
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.3%, Shooter 21.6%, Action 18%, Top-Down 13.6%, PvE 4.7%
- #58 Safehouse
67% matchPositive92% of 13 reviews2023
Dev: Gecco Studio Games
Windows · Mac
In Safehouse, play as a member of a criminal crew holed up in a Safehouse with a traitor among you working with the enemy to bring you down. Can you uncover their identity and eliminate them before they betray the crew?
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 33.9%, Shooter 20.7%, Action 17%, Top-Down 11%, PvP 5%
- #59 Z-Company
67% matchMixed65% of 17 reviews2021
Dev: MecHead Games
Windows
You and your friends can be part of the Z-Company. Defend Targets against huge hordes of zombies with all kinds of weapons and buildings in this Tower-Defense/Shooter hybrid.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 27.1%, Shooter 16.2%, Post-apocalyptic 14.3%, Top-Down 11.2%, Action 9.7%
- #60 HAM TANK!
63% matchPositive94% of 33 reviews2026
Dev: Vantan Game Academy
Windows
This is a top-down shooting game where a small and adorable hamster pilots a gigantic tank to fight off enemies. Players control the tank from a bird’s-eye view, shooting at enemies that attack from all directions while progressing through each stage.
Why similar: Top-Down Shooter 35.4%, Shooter 22%, Action 21.8%, Top-Down 11.1%, Co-op 4.3%