Games Like Jagged Alliance 3

Following the critically acclaimed 2014 Game of the Year winner Wasteland 2, the RPG series that pioneered the post-apocalyptic genre in video games returns with Wasteland 3.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.4%, Tactical RPG 17.7%, Turn-Based Combat 14.1%, Isometric 10.1%, Tactical 9.6%

Why You'll Like It: A deep squad-based RPG that offers significant player choice and tactical combat in a reactive, post-apocalyptic setting.

XCOM 2 is the sequel to XCOM: Enemy Unknown, the 2012 award-winning strategy game of the year. Earth has changed and is now under alien rule. Facing impossible odds you must rebuild XCOM, and ignite a global resistance to reclaim our world and save humanity.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 19.3%, Tactical 15.5%, Turn-Based Combat 13.9%, Turn-Based Strategy 13.4%, Isometric 9%

Why You'll Like It: It remains the gold standard for modern squad-based tactical combat, featuring deep research, base management, and high-stakes missions.

Lead a mercenary company in this tactical RPG set in a medieval fantasy world. Chase fame and fortune as you choose where to go, who to recruit, which contracts to pursue, and how to train and equip your men in a procedurally generated open world campaign.

Why similar: Strategy 38.8%, Military 28.7%, RPG 22.7%, Action 5.1%, Singleplayer 4.7%

Why You'll Like It: This game perfectly captures the mercenary management experience with a brutal, low-fantasy open world and challenging turn-based combat.

Determine the destiny of Rome as you conquer foreign lands and navigate political intrigue in this turn-based RPG. Directly fight with your party of Praetorians, guide your legion to victory, and choose your own path in a story where every decision matters. How will you shape the future of Rome?

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 23%, Turn-Based Strategy 18.7%, Tactical RPG 17.2%, Strategy 11.9%, Tactical 11.4%

Why You'll Like It: Combines party-based RPG elements with deep tactical turn-based combat and strategic campaign management.

Wartales is an open world RPG in which you lead a group of mercenaries in their search for wealth across a massive medieval universe. Explore the world, recruit companions, collect bounties and unravel the secrets of the tombs of the ancients!

Why similar: Turn-Based Strategy 29.4%, Turn-Based Combat 19%, Tactical RPG 17.1%, RPG 11.5%, Strategy 9.1%

Why You'll Like It: An open-world mercenary simulator that emphasizes survival, party management, and tactical combat in a medieval setting.

Silent Storm from leading Russian developer Nival is a true 3D tactical turn-based Role-Playing-Game set against the backdrop of WWII. As the conflict rages on the frontlines, you’ll be leading a small multinational squad behind enemy lines to gather information and wreak havoc on your enemies while trying to thwart a mysterious new...

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 28.7%, Tactical 15.1%, Strategy 11.3%, Tactical RPG 10.8%, Turn-Based 10.1%

Why You'll Like It: Known for its highly destructible environments and realistic physics, this title offers a tactical experience very similar to the Jagged Alliance series.

Made in a close partnership with Games Workshop, Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader is a story-rich classical RPG from Owlcat Games, developers of the critically acclaimed game, Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous.

Why similar: Tactical RPG 24.9%, Turn-Based Strategy 22.8%, Turn-Based Combat 22.1%, Strategy 13.4%, RPG 7.9%

Why You'll Like It: A complex turn-based CRPG that features deep squad management and tactical combat within the expansive Warhammer 40,000 universe.

The acclaimed strategy game from the creator of X-COM. Fight tactical battles on procedural maps against a foe that adapts to your tactics. Manage diplomacy and economy on a global scale. Research, explore, overcome. Now includes Steam Workshop support for mods!

Why similar: Tactical 23.8%, Turn-Based Strategy 21.8%, Tactical RPG 20.8%, Isometric 12.6%, Strategy 12%

Why You'll Like It: Created by the original X-COM designer, it offers complex tactical combat with unique free-aim mechanics and evolving enemy threats.

Wage a global war of resistance against an alien invasion. Command turn-based tactical battles, build a network of covert bases, directly control your fighter wings, and achieve strategic victory in a simulation of asymmetric warfare against a technologically superior foe.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 26.9%, Turn-Based Strategy 19.2%, Turn-Based Combat 18.1%, Tactical 18%, Strategy 11.1%

Why You'll Like It: A spiritual successor to classic squad-based tactical games that focuses on defending Earth from an alien invasion with deep strategic layers.

Take command of your own mercenary outfit of 'Mechs and the MechWarriors that pilot them, struggling to stay afloat as you find yourself drawn into a brutal interstellar civil war.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 33.4%, Strategy 16.7%, Tactical 16.5%, Turn-Based Strategy 16.4%, Turn-Based 12.3%

Why You'll Like It: Focuses on managing a mercenary company of giant mechs, requiring careful resource management and tactical positioning on the battlefield.

A tactical game combining the turn-based combat of XCOM with story, exploration, stealth, and strategy. Take control of a team of Mutants navigating a post-human Earth. Created by a team including former HITMAN leads and the designer of PAYDAY.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 23.4%, Turn-Based Combat 18.9%, Tactical 17.1%, Strategy 16.2%, Turn-Based Strategy 7.9%

Why You'll Like It: Blends real-time stealth exploration with turn-based tactical combat in a unique, post-human world.

Hard West 2 is a journey to the heart of darkness in the American West. Take control of a supernatural posse and catch the mysterious Ghost Train. Outsmart, outcheat and outgun your enemies in this turn-based tactics game set in a Wild West world where nothing is as it seems.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 20.5%, Turn-Based Strategy 15%, Tactical RPG 13%, Tactical 12.5%, Turn-Based Combat 10.5%

Why You'll Like It: A supernatural western tactical game that rewards aggressive playstyles through its unique 'bravado' combat system.

The year is 1983. The world teeters on the verge of destruction as the Cold War tightens its icy grip. East or West: trust no one, question everything. The fate of humanity rests in your hands as you pit spy versus spy in tactical Phantom Doctrine.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 38.7%, Strategy 14.7%, Tactical 14.4%, Turn-Based Strategy 12.7%, Turn-Based 7.2%

Why You'll Like It: A Cold War-themed tactical game that emphasizes stealth, investigation, and squad-based combat.

From the creators of Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden comes a beautifully crafted tactical adventure you won’t forget. Embark on a quest across a post-apocalyptic wasteland torn apart by a savage force known only as the ‘Miasma’.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 25.2%, Tactical RPG 22.7%, Tactical 20.3%, Turn-Based Strategy 19.5%, Strategy 10.2%

Why You'll Like It: Developed by the team behind Mutant Year Zero, it offers a polished tactical experience with a strong narrative focus.

Gears Tactics is the fast-paced, turn-based strategy game from one of the most-acclaimed video game franchises – Gears of War. Outnumbered and fighting for survival, recruit and command your squad to hunt down an evil mastermind who makes monsters.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 33.3%, Strategy 28.7%, Tactical 15.9%, Turn-Based 10.6%, Isometric 4.4%

Why You'll Like It: A fast-paced, aggressive tactical game that translates the Gears of War universe into a satisfying turn-based format.

TROUBLESHOOTER: Abandoned Children is the first season of a turn-based strategy SRPG that takes place in the world of Troubleshooter.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.8%, Tactical RPG 17.8%, Turn-Based Strategy 14.4%, Turn-Based Combat 12.1%, Strategy RPG 11%

Why You'll Like It: An incredibly deep tactical RPG that offers vast character customization and complex combat systems.

Cyberpunk mercenaries RPG! Turn-based squad tactics with unique heist-planning strategy. Build your crew wisely; their stories will become interwoven with your own. Pull off heists with powerful cyberware, faction connections, multiclassing, weapon modding, stealth, hacking, and more!

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 15.7%, Tactical 12.5%, Tactical RPG 12.3%, Turn-Based Strategy 11.3%, Turn-Based Combat 11.3%

Why You'll Like It: A tactical RPG set in a cyberpunk world that features deep character progression and high-stakes turn-based combat.

Recruit a team of misfits with unique abilities and unforgettable personalities, and chase the Banished Court to the ends of the earth in a mix of real-time infiltration, turn-based tactical combat, and a character-driven story of adventure and intrigue.

Why similar: Turn-Based Combat 18.3%, Tactical RPG 18%, Turn-Based Strategy 17.5%, Tactical 17.2%, Strategy 10.9%

Why You'll Like It: Features a pulp-adventure aesthetic with a mix of real-time infiltration and turn-based tactical combat.

Command an elite team of allied special operators in Nazi-occupied France wreaking havoc in the run up to D-Day in this ambitious turn-based tactics game. Take on the might of Germany's war machine and launch daring raids in occupied territory. Can you do enough to ensure Allied victory?

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 20.7%, Turn-Based Combat 15.7%, Tactical 14.7%, Turn-Based Strategy 13.3%, Strategy RPG 8.1%

Why You'll Like It: A World War II tactical game that emphasizes stealth, squad management, and grid-based combat mechanics.

A contemporary remake of the much-loved series of turn-based mercenary-themed strategy games.

Why similar: Tactical 30.5%, Strategy 25.9%, Tactical RPG 12.6%, RPG 11.5%, Turn-Based Strategy 7.4%

Why You'll Like It: An alternative take on the Jagged Alliance formula that uses a real-time-with-pause system for tactical control.

Desperados III is a story-driven, hardcore tactical stealth game, set in a ruthless Wild West scenario. Play smart if you want to succeed. A good plan can make the difference between survival and finding yourself at the business end of a pistol.

Why similar: Tactical 40.6%, Strategy 33.7%, Isometric 22.8%, Singleplayer 2.1%, Action 0.7%

Why You'll Like It: While more stealth-oriented, it offers masterful squad-based tactical planning in a western setting.

Lead a strike force against an alien threat in this turn-based tactical RPG from the developers of Battle Brothers. Answer distress calls across different worlds, train and equip infantry, deploy tanks and mechs, and plan and execute missions in detailed turn-based battles.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 23.1%, Turn-Based Combat 17.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 16.8%, Tactical 15%, Strategy 10.8%

Enter Tahnra, a land savaged by war. You, a fresh academy graduate with humble beginnings, will grow to lead a grand army against a corrupt adversary. Gather heroes, form bonds, and lead your force in turn-based battles. Make use of tactics, terrain, morale and more to bring peace to the land!

Why similar: Tactical RPG 32.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 22.5%, Tactical 13.4%, Strategy RPG 12.5%, RPG 9.5%

Why You'll Like It: A tactical RPG that emphasizes squad composition and large-scale unit management on the battlefield.

Roll for initiative, take attacks of opportunity, manage player location and the verticality of the battle field in this Turn-Based Tactical RPG based on the SRD 5.1 Ruleset. In Solasta, you make the choices, dice decide your destiny.

Why similar: Co-op Campaign 30% ★, Turn-Based Combat 25.6%, Strategy RPG 16.6%, Strategy 13.5%, RPG 9.8%

Why You'll Like It: Focuses heavily on verticality and tactical combat mechanics based on the D&D 5e ruleset.

Lost Eidolons is a turn-based tactical RPG with a gripping cinematic narrative, set in a waning empire riven by civil war. Take on the role of a charming mercenary captain, Eden, and lead his band of allies through epic encounters on a classic turn-based battlefield.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 17.8%, Tactical RPG 14%, Tactical 14%, Turn-Based Strategy 13%, Turn-Based Combat 12.5%

Why You'll Like It: A turn-based tactical RPG that focuses on large-scale warfare and character-driven storytelling.

Jagged Alliance is back – With a new take on turn-based tactics, adventure elements and the well-known quirky mercenaries! Set 20 years after the first Jagged Alliance, this spin-off lets you experience a road trip into a jungle hell to test your mind and body to the limits!

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 20.3%, Tactical 17.2%, Tactical RPG 16.8%, Turn-Based Strategy 13.5%, Strategy 9.8%

Why You'll Like It: A smaller-scale, more focused tactical experience featuring classic mercenaries in a survival-oriented scenario.

FIGHT AND STRATEGIZE LIKE A SUPER HERO IN THE DARKER CORNERS OF THE MARVEL UNIVERSE. Play as The Hunter, a legendary demon slayer who must lead a team of Super Heroes and supernatural warriors facing apocalyptic threats.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.4%, Tactical RPG 15.1%, Turn-Based Strategy 13.8%, Tactical 13.3%, Turn-Based Combat 13.1%

Why You'll Like It: Features a unique card-based tactical combat system paired with deep social management of your squad.

Jagged Alliance Flashback brings back the true spirit of this legendary series: Turn-based tactics meets crazy mercenary personalities and intense battles. Manage your squad of unique mercenaries, secure your income and take back the island - sector by sector, turn by turn.

Why similar: Strategy 26.4%, Tactical 26.2%, Turn-Based Strategy 16.8%, Turn-Based 16.4%, RPG 8.8%

Why You'll Like It: A turn-based tactical game that attempts to capture the spirit of the original series with a modern engine.

Drop into the gripping journey of Aliens: Dark Descent, a squad-based, single-player action game in the iconic Alien franchise. Lead your soldiers in real-time to stop a new and terrifying kind of Xenomorph outbreak on Planet Lethe.

Why similar: Tactical 47.9%, Strategy 32.2%, Isometric 11.7%, Action 3.6%, Singleplayer 2.6%

The island of Arulco is free; however, there are other countries under the shadow of war that are ignored by the rest of the world.

Why similar: Strategy 50.9%, RPG 27.9%, Tactical 21.2%

Why You'll Like It: Provides additional tactical content and scenarios for those looking for more of the classic Jagged Alliance feel.

Take control of Invisible's agents in the field and infiltrate the world's most dangerous corporations. Stealth, precision, and teamwork are essential in high-stakes, high-profit missions, where every move may cost an agent their life.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.9%, Tactical RPG 17.4%, Tactical 13.7%, Isometric 10.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 10.4%

Why You'll Like It: A high-stakes tactical game focused on stealth and planning where every turn and resource choice matters.

Assemble your crew and set sail on an infamous ghost ship to sneak, stab, and spellcast your way through the Inquisition in this non-linear stealth strategy game. Chart a course, develop uncanny abilities, and use unconventional tactics to find a powerful pirate artifact!

Why similar: Turn-Based Combat 21.1%, Turn-Based Strategy 21.1%, Tactical RPG 20.9%, Strategy 13.8%, Strategy RPG 13.4%

XCOM: Chimera Squad delivers an all-new story and turn-based tactical combat experience in the XCOM universe.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 42%, Strategy 18.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 15.6%, Turn-Based 8.9%, Tactical 6.4%

Turn-based tactics & strategy about an elite mercenary squad with an old-school action-movie vibe. Command Sparta: recruit distinctive fighters, upgrade your base, run missions, and decide Africa’s future—no point-blank misses, with real ballistics.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 20.7%, Tactical 14.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 13.3%, Strategy 12.8%, Tactical RPG 9.3%

Old World is a revolutionary new historical strategy game where you lead your dynasty over generations of rule against rival kings and queens. Wage massive wars, manage your court, and build a dynasty — or watch your empire crumble to dust. What legacy will you leave behind?

Why similar: Tactical 27%, Turn-Based Strategy 25.8%, Strategy 16.1%, Turn-Based 13.9%, Military 10.3%

Command military Special Ops Teams in gripping tactical combat against a Middle East-based terrorist network. Sequel to RockPaperShotgun's "Best Tactics Game of 2014".

Why similar: Tactical 48.6%, Strategy 20.5%, Military 18.4%, Co-op 7.7%, Action 2.9%

A tactical sci-fi RPG set in an alternative 1970's, where an enormous and inexplicable artifact –the Dome– is discovered in a remote desert. Fight enemies, explore the anomalous wasteland, level up your character, join one of the forces in the ruined world.

Why similar: Turn-Based Combat 31.7%, Strategy 18.7%, Isometric 15.1%, Tactical 13.9%, RPG 11%

Warhammer 40,000: Battlesector is a fast-paced turn-based strategy game set in the grimdark universe of the 41st Millennium. Pick your force, develop your army, field mighty heroes and fight for victory using superior strategy, awesome abilities, and devastating weaponry.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 28.5%, Turn-Based Strategy 18.3%, Strategy 13.8%, Tactical 13.5%, Turn-Based Combat 11.4%

Xenonauts is a strategy game in which you control a multi-national military organisation defending a Cold War-era Earth from alien invasion, using small squads of persistent soldiers to eliminate the extraterrestrials and recover their technology in turn-based ground combat.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 25%, Turn-Based Strategy 18%, Turn-Based Combat 17.1%, Tactical 15.2%, Strategy 9%

Lead humanity’s greatest weapon, the Grey Knights, in this fast-paced turn-based tactical RPG. Root out and purge a galaxy-spanning plague in a cinematic, story-driven campaign, using the tactics and talents of your own personalised squad of Daemonhunters.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 23.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 17.2%, Tactical 16.4%, Turn-Based Combat 11.5%, Strategy RPG 11.4%

Partisans 1941 is a real-time tactics game with stealth elements, set on the eastern front of WW II. As an army commander behind enemy lines you gather a group of Partisans to wage guerilla warfare against the German occupants.

Why similar: Tactical 29.6%, Strategy 26%, Tactical RPG 16.5%, Isometric 14.7%, Strategy RPG 9.4%

Breach & Clear brings deep tactical strategy simulation to PC, Mac and Linux! Build your Special Operations team, plan and execute advanced missions, and own every angle.Choose your real-world squad -- US Army Rangers, Germany's KSK, Canada’s JTF2, UK SAS, and more -- and take on a variety of foes with different skill-sets and...

Why similar: Tactical 32.6%, Strategy 20.2%, Turn-Based Strategy 19.1%, Turn-Based 7.6%, Turn-Based Tactics 5.9%

The Thaumaturge is a character-driven RPG with a rich story, morally ambiguous choices, and turn-based combat. In a city on the brink of change, use your mystical powers to read emotions, uncover motives, and command folklore-inspired demons — while resisting the temptation of your own pride.

Why similar: Turn-Based Combat 43.2%, Isometric 33.6%, RPG 19.3%, Singleplayer 4%

A unique hybrid between turn-based tactical games and traditional, character-centric RPGs. Knight's Tale is a modern retelling of a classic Arthurian mythology story filtered through the dark fantasy tropes, a twist on the traditional tales of chivalry.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.6%, Tactical RPG 19.3%, Turn-Based Combat 14.4%, Turn-Based Strategy 10.3%, Strategy RPG 7.5%

Disciples: Liberation is a mature, dark fantasy strategy RPG with turn-based combat. Liberate the land of Nevendaar and uncover the endless stories hidden within this richly detailed world where every decision has a consequence, and every wrong move could be deadly.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 18.8%, Tactical RPG 17.1%, Turn-Based Strategy 14.8%, Tactical 13.6%, Turn-Based Combat 10.9%

Legend returns! King’s Bounty II is the long-awaited sequel to the legendary King’s Bounty video games franchise, one of the most iconic representatives of the turn-based RPG genre.

Why similar: Turn-Based Strategy 18.6%, Strategy 15.9%, Tactical RPG 13.9%, Turn-Based Tactics 12.6%, Tactical 11.8%

Become the king and fight over Europe in this fresh take on medieval real-time grand strategy. Manage provinces, gather armies, initiate diplomacy, and dabble in espionage. The path is open: become the true Sovereign of your people and bring them to glory.

Why similar: Strategy 97%, Singleplayer 3%

Brave a new world in Stranded: Alien Dawn, a planet survival sim placing the fate of a small marooned group in your hands. Forge your story through compelling and immersive strategic gameplay as you make vital decisions to protect your survivors.

Why similar: Strategy 84.9%, 3D 11.1%, Singleplayer 4%

End State is a turn-based tactics game where you manage a mercenary company tracking down a terrorists in a war-torn country. Hire, gear up and gain experience for your mercenaries. Take on rebels and criminal gangs, do side contracts and explore Brekovia.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.4%, Tactical 12.4%, Turn-Based Combat 11.3%, Turn-Based Strategy 10.8%, Strategy 9.9%

Step into the wacky heroic fantasy universe of the Dungeon of Naheulbeuk. Lead a team of unlikely and clumsy heroes in an epic and challenging tactical RPG. Live an adventure filled with humor, surprises and silly encounters.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 34.2%, Turn-Based Strategy 17.9%, Turn-Based 11.9%, Tactical 11.4%, Strategy 11.2%

The small country of Arulco has been taken over by a merciless dictator - and only you can loosen the iron grip! Jagged Alliance 2 Gold Pack immerses you into an elaborate role-playing universe where you will interact with more than 150 characters, recruit your own band of soldiers and create your own custom mercenary to win...

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 22.9%, Tactical 19.3%, Strategy 12.9%, Turn-Based Combat 11.7%, Turn-Based Strategy 7.5%

Brigade E5: New Jagged Union is a tactical game that places gamers in the small tropical nation of Palinero on the verge of a civil war. The mission: hire a band of mercenaries and take control of the deteriorating situation before the country finds itself in complete ruin.

Why similar: Strategy 51.9%, Tactical 46.6%, Singleplayer 1.6%

ATOM RPG is a post-apocalyptic indie game, inspired by classic CRPGs: Fallout, Wasteland, Deus Ex, Baldur's Gate and many others.

Why similar: Turn-Based Combat 19.6%, Turn-Based 18.2%, Isometric 18.2%, Tactical 16.6%, Strategy 15.8%

Even if the regime is totally inept and corrupt, don't suppose for a moment that you as the liberator will be greeted with open arms.JAGGED ALLIANCE 2: WILDFIRE brings you back to Arulco. The population is being terrorized by a reckless army; in the meantime the main export goods are drugs.

Why similar: Strategy 58.4%, Turn-Based Tactics 11.6%, Turn-Based Strategy 6.6%, Tactical 6.1%, Turn-Based 4%

Embark on a thrilling journey in a high-stakes, turn-based tactics game. Lead an elite squad in a fictional, dystopian Eastern European country as you unravel a conspiracy threatening the state. Navigate intense strategic battles and adapt to ever-evolving challenges to prevail.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 24.7%, Tactical 19.8%, Turn-Based Combat 18.2%, Turn-Based Strategy 15.4%, Strategy 12%

As a contestant on a high stakes reality game show of the future, you must survive a dangerous urban environment packed with traps, confounding puzzles, and heavily armed psychopaths. Turn-based combat in hand crafted levels, built for entertainment.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 23.6%, Tactical 17%, Turn-Based Strategy 15.9%, Turn-Based Combat 15.8%, Isometric 9.6%

Intravenous 2 is the ultimate blend of tactical gameplay and immersive storytelling. Will you embrace the shadows or confront your foes head-on? The choice is yours. Experience a new era of tactical stealth action. Save lives. Uncover secrets. Take vengeance.

Why similar: Tactical 89.6%, Singleplayer 5.3%, Action 5.1%

On a journey to great magical might, explore and control the lands of Eo in this ever-changing turn-based strategy role-playing game. Field armies and heroes in tactical combat, finish hundreds of quests, and gather spells and artefacts to become the most powerful mage of all.

Why similar: Turn-Based Tactics 20.3%, Tactical RPG 19.7%, Turn-Based Strategy 19.1%, Strategy RPG 12.6%, Strategy 11.9%

When a tragic turn of events sets one man down a path of supernatural chaos and revenge, he must brutally hunt down all those who wronged him. Fight and survive through 8 unique story-based scenarios, and try your hand at 40 individually designed turn-based combat missions

Why similar: Turn-Based Strategy 20.5%, Turn-Based Combat 17.1%, Turn-Based Tactics 15.4%, Tactical 12.7%, Strategy 11.9%