- #1 Keep Hell Open
97% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Ryan
Windows
Keep Hell Open is a fast-paced incremental defense game. Harvest energy from Hell to build automated defenses, mutate demons into powerful weapons, and survive relentless demonic hordes.
Why similar: Colony Sim 27.9%, Idler 20.3%, Incremental 19.8%, Base Building 8.2%, Casual 6.2%
- #2 Goblincremental
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: dogwater-games
Windows
Goblincremental is a cozy incremental game about helping goblins build thriving settlements. Gather resources, unlock new industries, and learn magic spells to automate tasks and discover new ways to make deez goblins thrive!
Why similar: Colony Sim 32.5%, Idler 22.9%, Incremental 17.4%, Simulation 9.7%, Casual 6.2%
- #3 Ants Took the Kitchen
96% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Atthus Games
Windows
In Ants Took the Kitchen, you lead a small colony of ants determined to take over the kitchen. Collect crumbs, carry increasingly larger pieces of food, buy upgrades for each area, automate the collection process, and turn a simple corner of the floor into a hungry swarm.
Why similar: Colony Sim 31.6%, Simulation 15.2%, Incremental 15.1%, Idler 14.9%, Casual 10%
- #4 Idle Cosmos Clicker
95% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Beyo Games
Windows
Idle Cosmos Clicker is a space-themed idle simulation where you grow the universe from asteroids to black holes. Produce, automate, and evolve resources while unlocking planets, stars, and galaxies. A relaxing yet deep incremental experience with endless progression.
Why similar: Idler 21.9%, Incremental 21%, Colony Sim 18.2%, Simulation 8.5%, Casual 6.6%
- #5 Facrobry
94% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Agenosovgame
Windows
Facrobry is a strategy-simulator in which you will manage an automated robot production station. Research upgrades, assemble robots, and send them into battle!
Why similar: Colony Sim 29.8%, Idler 19.3%, Incremental 15.5%, Simulation 7.5%, Space 7.1%
- #6 Apocalypticlick
94% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Aaron Meier
Windows
The world ended. Somebody still has to sort the scrap. Found a settlement, gather resources, and try to keep the roof on while the wasteland keeps knocking. An idle survival builder with research, expeditions, events, raids, and consequences.
Why similar: Colony Sim 33%, Simulation 15.8%, Idler 14.4%, Incremental 11.7%, Casual 10.3%
- #7 Void Grimm Clicker
92% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Ravery
Windows
Void Grimm Clicker is an upcoming idle game in which you manage a scifi colony.
Why similar: Colony Sim 38.5%, Idler 27.9%, Incremental 20.9%, Casual 4.7%, Sci-fi 4.4%
- #8 Fungus Co.
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Imoyokan
Windows
Grow and spread mycelium from spores across a dark substrate in this relaxing incremental.
Why similar: Colony Sim 25.2%, Idler 23.9%, Incremental 18.4%, Simulation 9.8%, Casual 9%
- #9 Beellionaire Idle
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Ravenholm InteractivePub: Stay2Busy
Windows
In Bee-lionaire Idle, harvest your hives, process the honey, sell your products, and reinvest your profits in your farm. Unlock new equipment, boost your production, and build a honey empire starting from a single hive.
Why similar: Colony Sim 34.1%, Idler 17.4%, Simulation 15%, Incremental 12.9%, Casual 9.8%
- #10 Simultree
90% matchVery Positive86% of 145 reviews2026
Dev: PIPAPOUPub: Coduck Studio
Windows
Simultree is a short incremental game about monitoring life simulations. You're a scientist who runs life simulations in order to gain points to spend in a big skill tree.
Why similar: Colony Sim 28.2%, Idler 18.5%, Incremental 16.5%, Simulation 10.8%, Casual 6.6%
- #11 Slurpy Derpy
93% matchMostly Positive74% of 46 reviews2022
Dev: Scary Bee LLC
Windows
Breed ever-stronger Derps. Use them to Bake, Conquer, Research and Evolve!
Why similar: Colony Sim 30.2%, Idler 24.5%, Incremental 18.5%, Simulation 14.5%, Casual 5.3%
- #12 All Hail the Orb
89% matchVery Positive94% of 1,573 reviews2026
Dev: LeGingerDev
Windows
Median: 4.1 hrsMean: 5.1 hrs≥1hr: 87%
All Hail The Orb is a short, quirky pixel-art incremental game about powering a mysterious orb, summoning cultists, exploring a dungeon and slowly unlocking automation as devotion builds. The tone is light-hearted and a little silly with no fail states, relaxed pacing, and yes...many, many ducks.
Why similar: Colony Sim 31.9%, Incremental 19.2%, Idler 18%, Simulation 9.9%, Casual 5%
- #13 Kumochi Keeper
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Boxtail Studios
Windows
Become the keeper of your own Kumochi sanctuary! Collect a myriad of whimsical creatures, place them across hand-illustrated zones, and watch them grow! Open Kumochi packs, decorate your world, and build the coziest collection — all at your own pace.
Why similar: Colony Sim 37.1%, Idler 18.4%, Simulation 17.4%, Casual 11.5%, Cute 4.3%
- #14 Hollowforge
88% matchNo user reviews
Dev: pixelwide
Windows
Manage an expedition of dwarves as they build out a colony under the surface in this incremental game. Assign your dwarves to farm food, forge runes, hunt trolls and mine ore!
Why similar: Colony Sim 36%, Idler 18.2%, Incremental 16.9%, Casual 10.6%, Simulation 4.7%
- #15 Clickstellar
87% match3 user reviews67% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: Tom
Windows · Mac · Linux
Ignite a dying star and forge a galactic empire from a single tap. A cozy sci-fi idle clicker: harvest Energy, automate cosmic megastructures that earn while you sleep, then Ascend, collapse it all into Dark Matter and be reborn as a brand-new star.
Why similar: Idler 28.3%, Simulation 24.5%, Incremental 22.3%, Casual 11.2%, Space 8.1%
- #16 HyphoSphere
86% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: La Maison du Nourson
Windows · Mac · Linux
A fungal idle game where you grow a mycelial empire from a single filament. Click to harvest nutrients, build living organisms, trigger sporulation to prestige, and let your Twitch viewers join the network.
Why similar: Colony Sim 39.3%, Idler 21%, Incremental 16.6%, Casual 12.5%, Relaxing 3.6%
- #17 The Great Hatch
86% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: duocar
Windows
Help goblins take down a giant floating egg
Why similar: Incremental 24.7%, Idler 18.1%, Colony Sim 14.9%, Simulation 13.1%, Relaxing 5.7%
- #18 TIMBER! Idle Village Builder
85% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Velron Games
Windows
Swing your axe, drop the trees, and watch a village rise from the stumps. Assign villagers to nine trades, unlock a 54-node talent tree, and carry your settlement through five ages — from a primitive camp to a medieval kingdom with a crown of its own.
Why similar: Colony Sim 25.2%, Idler 21.3%, Incremental 13.1%, Simulation 9.7%, Casual 7.4%
- #19 Mushies!
84% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Maxwell Prehoda
Windows · Mac · Linux
Create a thriving mushroom village in this cozy incremental adventure. Gather spores, recruit companions, automate your settlement, and unlock powerful upgrades as your fungal home flourishes. How far will you take your shrooms?
Why similar: Idler 23.5%, Incremental 21.6%, Simulation 19.1%, Casual 12.5%, Cute 5.3%
- #20 DesktopPets
84% matchNo user reviews
Dev: floofnoodles
Windows
A chill, tamagotchi-like idle creature game in the corner of your screen. Raise creatures, unlock 100+ evolutions, and freely customize your room at your own pace!
Why similar: Idler 26%, Simulation 17%, Colony Sim 16.9%, Incremental 13.6%, Pixel Graphics 6.1%
- #21 Cascadium
82% matchMostly Positive76% of 17 reviews2026
Dev: ABoxWithinABox
Windows
A simple idle game where you drop balls plinko-style to make money. Big number make head go brrrr.
Why similar: Incremental 29%, Idler 28.9%, Simulation 17%, Casual 11.7%, Relaxing 7.3%
- #22 Clicky Islands
83% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Karrot Games
Windows · Linux
Clicky Islands is a unique blend of incremental gameplay, clicker mechanics, city-builder elements, and resource management. You play as a governor appointed by the king to discover and develop a new island for his future kingdom.
Why similar: Colony Sim 36%, Incremental 19.6%, Base Building 9.5%, Simulation 7.6%, Casual 5.4%
- #23 Anty Crush
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: PixelPoint Studios
Windows
Lead a tiny ant colony through a giant candy world. Crush sweets, collect crumbs, unlock upgrades, grow your colony, and help the Queen evolve in this cozy incremental game.
Why similar: Idler 22.1%, Incremental 22.1%, Colony Sim 22%, Simulation 11.2%, Casual 7.5%
- #24 Fill Up The Hole
81% matchVery Positive90% of 1,208 reviews2025
Dev: Fluffy Lotus
Windows
Median: 3.5 hrsMean: 4.5 hrs≥1hr: 89%
Turn trash into cash in a dystopian world! Fill Up The Hole is a short incremental game where you build a city, automate garbage production, and toss it into a magical hole for profit.
Why similar: Colony Sim 28.5%, Incremental 23.1%, Idler 20.7%, Simulation 6.9%, Base Building 6.8%
- #25 Lu[Idle]
81% matchMixed65% of 37 reviews2025
Dev: Joshua Sherrard
Windows · Linux
Lu[Idle] is an Incremental game with Idle and Clicker elements as well as pixel art visuals and music.
Why similar: Idler 30.7%, Incremental 27.8%, Simulation 18.1%, Casual 9.1%, Pixel Graphics 7%
- #26 Star Colony
80% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Gumou
Windows
StarColony is a resource management & incremental space colony building game.
Why similar: Colony Sim 46%, Incremental 20.2%, Space 9.9%, Simulation 9.3%, Resource Management 7.3%
- #27 Build To The Moon
79% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: BumpkinBrothers
Windows
A relaxing incremental tower builder—until hundreds of tiny workers turn it into complete chaos.
Why similar: Colony Sim 31.8%, Idler 19.3%, Incremental 18.2%, Simulation 7.7%, Base Building 5.9%
- #28 Mythic Isle
79% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Lazy Gull Game Studios
Windows
"Create your mini fantasy island in the corner of your Windows desktop! Tired from work or study? Just click casually and watch adorable pets farm, mine, and build automatically for you~ From a deserted isle to a thriving paradise - all thanks to these little creatures with superpowers!"
Why similar: Colony Sim 39.9%, Idler 26.7%, Simulation 12.9%, Casual 8.2%, Cute 5.9%
- #29 Desktop Ant Farm Simulator
77% match5 user reviews100% of 6 reviews2026
Dev: Beef Cat
Windows
Desktop Ant Farm Simulator is a lightly interactive productivity app. Start each farm with a sprawling grid of dirt and some ants. Watch as they dig out tunnels and pockets and listen to cozy lo-fi beats. The game window persists over other applications on your desktop, and is fully re-sizeable.
Why similar: Colony Sim 44%, Idler 21.8%, Simulation 21.6%, Pixel Graphics 4.6%, Relaxing 4.1%
- #30 Long Watch
78% matchNo user reviews
Dev: William Wilson
Windows
A short incremental game about an old relay station waking up from deep hibernation. Collect signals, decode the messages they carry, and grow your station into a network across nearby sectors.
Why similar: Idler 25.5%, Incremental 25.1%, Simulation 16.6%, Resource Management 7.1%, Space 6.3%
- #31 Beam It Up!
78% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Salomo Interiors SL
Windows
Capture monsters from distant planets and add them to your cosmic collection. Upgrade your ship, travel further, and become the galaxy’s top collector.
Why similar: Idler 25.2%, Incremental 23.4%, Casual 13.4%, Simulation 6.4%, Pixel Graphics 6.1%
- #32 FEED THE QUEEN
76% matchMixed69% of 586 reviews2026
Dev: Quiétude
Windows · Linux
Median: 5.3 hrsMean: 10.0 hrs≥1hr: 89%
Gather food to grow your colony. Evolve and upgrade specialized worker types. Discover and combine interesting synergies. Optimize your production, customize your strategy and feed the Queen ever-increasing amounts of food!
Why similar: Colony Sim 36.5%, Incremental 23.4%, Idler 23%, Cute 4.6%, Relaxing 4.2%
- #33 Spincremental
77% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: SincX GG
Windows
Pull the lever, watch the reels, collect the symbols. Buy slot machines, unlock cursors, magnets, and cards that play for you, then upgrade everything through a deep skill tree. A cozy pixel-art incremental about turning one wooden slot into an automated jackpot empire.
Why similar: Incremental 26.8%, Idler 25.5%, Simulation 13.2%, Casual 11.2%, Cute 6.5%
- #34 Lo-Fi Laundromat
75% matchMostly Positive79% of 24 reviews2026
Dev: ThomasXPub: Tiny Interactive
Windows
Run a charming neighborhood laundromat filled with adorable creatures. Wash clothes, craft delightful detergents, repair garments, and expand your cozy business through relaxing idle and incremental progression.
Why similar: Idler 25.5%, Simulation 17.7%, Incremental 16.1%, Pixel Graphics 8.8%, Relaxing 8.2%
- #35 Click and Spell
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: rami
Windows
A tiny clicker game that sits on the corner of your screen. Kill monsters, earn gold and buy new spells to level up (even when you're idle). Unlock cosmetics to customize your character. Watch the numbers increase non-stop and become a powerful witch!
Why similar: Idler 26.8%, Incremental 26.1%, Casual 11.4%, Simulation 10%, Pixel Graphics 6.6%
- #36 你的小鸡鸡
75% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: hUoFaNPub: weewee
Windows
"Your Little Chick" is a casual desktop game that accompanies you. Your little Chick will move around the screen following your mouse.
Why similar: Idler 27.6%, Simulation 27%, Incremental 26.3%, Casual 18.1%, Singleplayer 0.9%
- #37 Garden Eternal
73% matchMixed58% of 12 reviews2026
Dev: Family Milk
Windows
The cozy garden that keeps on growing. Garden Eternal is an idle clicker where you tap a glowing Heart, raise bees & buildings, and draft cards through every season. A calm place, mostly. But the garden keeps its own hours, and not everything that blooms after dark is a flower.
Why similar: Idler 26.5%, Incremental 24.7%, Simulation 15.9%, Casual 15.4%, Cute 6%
- #38 Mine It Down
74% matchPositive83% of 12 reviews2025
Dev: Topito Games
Windows · Linux
Mine It Down is an incremental game about mining an evil wall inspired by other games like (the) Gnorp Apologue and Tower Wizard. Chip away at the wall with the mouse first, hire masons to work that rock and build different buildings to grow your rock-destroying arsenal.
Why similar: Colony Sim 37.9%, Idler 24.7%, Simulation 11.6%, Incremental 10.7%, Pixel Graphics 5.8%
- #39 Coneworks Scavenger Fleet Protocol
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: minaminteresting
Windows
Coneworks is an autonomous swarm simulation — part idle game, part engineering diorama, part emergent playground. You watch a lone robot wake up in a procedurally generated post-industrial wasteland, salvage debris, and haul it home. Then you give it friends. Hundreds. Thousands. A million.
Why similar: Colony Sim 34.4%, Idler 24.1%, Incremental 18.4%, Simulation 9.3%, Cute 3.5%
- #40 Astra Nauta
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: MochaSalmon
Windows
An incremental colony sim set on a generation starship. Scavenge the stars and recycle everything possible to survive the end of the universe.
Why similar: Colony Sim 33.8%, Idler 18.6%, Simulation 14.9%, Incremental 8.6%, Base Building 7.7%
- #41 Starbrew Station
72% matchMixed47% of 34 reviews2025
Dev: Lost Rabbit Digital
Windows · Linux
Run a coffee empire in space. Hire 33 alien workers, automate brewing across 6 decks, and ride the chaos of Rush Hour surges. Prestige resets unlock layered progression systems that'll keep you optimizing for weeks. Free to play, no paywalls.
Why similar: Colony Sim 24.7%, Idler 24.3%, Incremental 18.9%, Casual 8.9%, Simulation 8.2%
- #42 Late-Night Ramen
72% matchNo user reviews
Dev: mooncellar
Windows · Mac
Run a cozy late-night ramen shop covering a portion of your screen. Perfect your recipes, decorate your shop, serve hot steaming ramen, and enjoy peaceful late-night vibes.
Why similar: Idler 22.9%, Incremental 21.3%, Simulation 19.5%, Casual 12.9%, Cute 5.3%
- #43 Y2K Coin Pusher
70% matchMostly Positive72% of 29 reviews2026
Dev: Ink Ribbon Studios
Windows
Enjoy this 2000's inspired coin pusher game with 13 unlockable levels, each corresponding to their own song and vibe, all in delicious PS2 inspired graphics.
Why similar: Idler 28.4%, Simulation 25%, Incremental 23.1%, Casual 16.9%, Relaxing 6%
- #44 Pibcremental
68% matchVery Positive86% of 364 reviews2026
Dev: Arcane CabinetPub: GrabTheGames
Windows
Median: 5.5 hrsMean: 8.2 hrs≥1hr: 85%
A cozy, chaotic idle-incremental clicker about growing a civilisation of tiny creatures called Pibbles in a giant tree, set in a post-human world.
Why similar: Idler 26.4%, Incremental 21.6%, Simulation 14.1%, Casual 7.5%, Pixel Graphics 5.7%
- #45 Decrypting Life
71% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Lazarus
Windows
Decrypting Life is a short, nostalgic incremental game where you restore corrupted files to uncover a story from the 2000s
Why similar: Idler 28%, Incremental 25.3%, Simulation 15.8%, Casual 10.4%, Pixel Graphics 7.5%
- #46 Village Incremental
70% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Games Game Studio
Windows · Linux
Village Incremental is an incremental game where you harvest resources and grow your village and research tools.
Why similar: Colony Sim 30.2%, Incremental 21.8%, Idler 20.6%, Simulation 9.6%, Base Building 6.3%
- #47 Penguin Hatchery
74% match5 user reviews80% of 5 reviews2023
Dev: BroanaterPub: BA Development
Windows
Penguin Hatchery is a game about hatching penguins. Yeah, that's pretty much it. With the help of some clicking and some random things that sometimes make sense, sometimes don't you can begin to hatch penguin eggs and eventually hatch them at an insane rate!
Why similar: Idler 23.8%, Simulation 23.4%, Incremental 22.5%, Casual 15.5%, Cute 5.4%
- #48 When Civilians Dig Holes
70% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Nina Appleseed
Windows · Mac
An incremental game about digging a hole to the other side of the world.
Why similar: Idler 28.1%, Incremental 22.5%, Simulation 22.1%, Casual 14.7%, Pixel Graphics 4.8%
- #49 SUPERBOLT
67% matchNo user reviews100% of 21 reviews2026
Dev: Skollheim
Windows
You are the lightning. Charge a dying machine, crack it open, and grow from a centimetre-wide spark into the brightest event in the universe. An incremental across seven worlds of scale, where every collapse makes you stronger.
Why similar: Idler 25.5%, Incremental 20.5%, Simulation 20%, Casual 13.2%, Space 4.1%
- #50 The Duck Pond
71% matchVery Positive96% of 82 reviews2024
Dev: Quack People
Windows · Mac · Linux
The Duck Pond is a condensed and relaxing idle game, focused on creating a short handcrafted experience with an ending. Throw food to attract different types of duck, read about them in the duckopedia, and maybe you'll discover the epic giga duck!
Why similar: Idler 32.2%, Incremental 24.4%, Casual 12.2%, Simulation 11.6%, Cute 5.6%
- #51 Idle Mall Simulator
69% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: PEGAX Studios
Windows
Build and expand your own shopping mall in this fun idle simulation game. Open new stores, increase your profits, keep customers happy, and turn your mall into a thriving business empire!
Why similar: Idler 37.1%, Simulation 25.7%, Incremental 25%, Casual 5.6%, 2D 4.5%
- #52 Space Civilization Clicker
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: AR-i-JA Studios
Windows
An idle clicker where you grow one small planet into a galactic empire. Click Earth, colonize living worlds across star systems, build Dyson Spheres, catch comets and reset reality with the Big Bang. Your civilization keeps producing even while the game is closed.
Why similar: Colony Sim 23.1%, Idler 21%, Simulation 10.6%, Space 10%, Incremental 6.9%
- #53 Get to Work, Gnomes! Christmas Factory
68% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Tiny Workers
Windows
Run a chaotic Christmas gift factory with mischievous gnomes! Get to Work, Gnomes! Christmas Factory is a short management game where you prepare gifts for children before Christmas. Package gifts, build production lines, manage gnomes, and assign tasks to turn a workshop into an efficient factory.
Why similar: Colony Sim 24.4%, Idler 19.1%, Incremental 15.4%, Simulation 13%, Casual 10.2%
- #54 Incremental Town RPG
71% matchMixed60% of 99 reviews2024
Dev: Overaction Game Studio
Windows · Mac · Linux
Incremental Town RPG lets you build and manage a thriving village. Master resource management, develop a robust economy, and enjoy a relaxing experience as you equip your settlement to conquer new lands and challenges!
Why similar: Colony Sim 26.3%, Idler 19.3%, Incremental 15.9%, Simulation 8.5%, Base Building 7.6%
- #55 Ant Colony Idle
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: LiliVale
Windows
Grow an underground colony from a single queen. Gather food, hatch workers, assign jobs, and expand your nest. Unlock automation and earn offline progress, then begin new generations with lasting upgrades through nuptial flights and ancestral growth.
Why similar: Colony Sim 32.7%, Idler 20.4%, Incremental 19.9%, Simulation 9.3%, Casual 5.9%
- #56 Toilet Paper Idle
67% matchMixed56% of 25 reviews2026
Dev: CHIZ
Windows
Toilet Paper Idle is an incremental game about consuming as much toilet papers as possible with the help of helpers, skills, and upgrades. Discover special types of toilet papers as you progress, and be careful to not clog your toilet!
Why similar: Idler 36.6%, Incremental 29.2%, Simulation 15.5%, Casual 8.5%, Pixel Graphics 4.2%
- #57 RECROSS IDLE
67% matchNo user reviews
Dev: AntiopePub: Ouest Audit
Windows
An idle space 4X drawn entirely in Minitel-era text. Your empire builds, scans and colonizes while the game is closed — but the Hegemony raids on ninety seconds' warning, and something at the centre of the galaxy has started listening.
Why similar: Colony Sim 24.7%, Idler 23.2%, Incremental 18%, Simulation 11.8%, Space 8.3%
- #58 LaVonne's Bouncing Idle
66% matchMixed55% of 22 reviews2026
Dev: LaVonne
Windows
A satisfying physics-based idle game where you deploy an army of neon bouncing balls to obliterate geometric blocks. Buy crazy upgraded balls, level up your lab, and watch the numbers scale into infinity.
Why similar: Idler 26.7%, Incremental 25.2%, Simulation 25%, Casual 16.7%, Relaxing 4.7%
- #59 Click And Adventure
67% match2 user reviews50% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: day_dream
Windows
"Click and Adventure" is a relaxing, compact click-based idle game. Explore by clicking, consume health points to defeat various monsters, obtain treasure chests, unlock the encyclopedia, increase passive income, upgrade skills, unlock new maps, and defeat new monsters.
Why similar: Idler 30.7%, Incremental 24%, Casual 19.1%, Simulation 18.8%, Relaxing 6.6%
- #60 Feed the Greed
66% matchMostly Positive75% of 75 reviews2025
Dev: Elifam
Windows
A short active incremental game. Send skeleton villagers with sacrificial offerings to a growing space rift. Feed the rift in exchange for essence, unlock different offerings and their upgrades - all for the sake of more essence.
Why similar: Idler 26.4%, Incremental 22.2%, Simulation 10.7%, Colony Sim 10.5%, Casual 8.6%