- #1 Colours of Magic: Aqua Teeter
97% matchMostly Positive75% of 107 reviews2016
Dev: RunServer
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 3.5 hrsMean: 4.0 hrs≥1hr: 93%
As an apprentice magician and alchemist, you learn from different alchemy masters. They teach you to mix elixirs, create potions and control them on alchemist table. Prove everyone that you are a born alchemist!
Why similar: Casual 29.2%, Indie 21.1%, Puzzle 16.4%, Relaxing 14.2%, Family Friendly 14.2%
- #2 Ripple
96% matchMixed67% of 72 reviews2017
Dev: Playrock Studios
Windows
Median: 3.4 hrsMean: 4.3 hrs≥1hr: 97%
Minimalistic logic puzzle game that's easy to understand, yet hard to master! Are you new to puzzle games, a seasoned veteran or an achievement hunter / trader? Solve some Ripples!
Why similar: Puzzle 29.8%, Indie 25.2%, Casual 24.8%, Family Friendly 16.5%, Singleplayer 3.6%
- #3 Atomic Reconstruction
96% matchMostly Positive77% of 60 reviews2016
Dev: Teawork Dev
Windows · Linux
Median: 3.3 hrsMean: 4.9 hrs≥1hr: 76%
Atomic Reconstruction is a atmospheric Puzzle game, where you have to use the power of fusion and fission to create and modify specific atoms or groups of atoms.
Why similar: Casual 39.2%, Indie 31.6%, Relaxing 13.3%, Puzzle 12.3%, Singleplayer 3.4%
- #4 Cube Link
95% matchMostly Positive77% of 103 reviews2017
Dev: Hannes Delbeke
Windows
Median: 30 minMean: 2.4 hrs≥1hr: 42%
CubeLink is a flow puzzle game with a twist. By spinning the cube around you can connect colours in every direction. Unlock more challenging levels as you progress.
Why similar: Casual 45.5%, Indie 35.5%, Puzzle 14.5%, Singleplayer 4.5%
- #5 Flat Path
94% matchVery Positive87% of 90 reviews2016
Dev: GooDCrafter
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 3.5 hrsMean: 4.0 hrs≥1hr: 97%
Relaxing puzzle game in a minimal style.
Why similar: Casual 35.2%, Indie 31.7%, Puzzle 16.5%, Relaxing 13.5%, Singleplayer 3.2%
- #6 Switchball HD
93% matchVery Positive85% of 187 reviews2021
Dev: Atomic Elbow
Windows
Median: 48 minMean: 5.4 hrs≥1hr: 47%
Transform the Marble ball with metal, electric and lighter-than-air properties to solve 3D puzzles based on real-world physics in the quickest time. More than 30 challenging levels!
Why similar: Casual 35.4%, Puzzle 25.6%, Indie 19.7%, Family Friendly 15.5%, Singleplayer 3.8%
- #7 Neon Warp
94% matchMostly Positive78% of 104 reviews2016
Dev: Axel Sonic
Windows
Median: 3.2 hrsMean: 3.9 hrs≥1hr: 73%
Neon Warp is a simple yet very unique puzzle game.
Why similar: Casual 38.8%, Indie 29.4%, Puzzle 13%, Relaxing 12%, Singleplayer 6.8%
- #8 Shoot. Push. Repeat.
91% matchVery Positive85% of 72 reviews2020
Dev: CrewLab
Windows
A dynamic clicker puzzle simulating real physics.
Why similar: Casual 34.7%, Indie 26.3%, Family Friendly 13.2%, Relaxing 12.2%, Puzzle 10.2%
- #9 Rubek
92% matchMostly Positive78% of 131 reviews2016
Dev: Xigma Games
Windows · Mac
Median: 3.2 hrsMean: 3.5 hrs≥1hr: 71%
Roll and match colors in this mind bending puzzle.
Why similar: Casual 39.2%, Indie 28.1%, Puzzle 15%, Relaxing 13.8%, Singleplayer 3.8%
- #10 Mini Pipes - A Logic Puzzle Pipes Game
89% matchVery Positive98% of 91 reviews2022
Dev: Sprovieri Games
Windows
A Logic Puzzle Pipes Game with a beautiful minimalist design and a uniquely prepared soundscape. Rotate the pipes until all the pipes are filled with water.
Why similar: Relaxing 24.5%, Puzzle 21.9%, Casual 20.5%, Family Friendly 14.7%, Indie 13.4%
- #11 Shoot, push, portals
90% matchVery Positive85% of 75 reviews2019
Dev: CrewLab
Windows
Casual physical puzzle!
Why similar: Casual 44.4%, Indie 34.2%, Family Friendly 7.3%, Relaxing 6.7%, Puzzle 5.6%
- #12 Puddle
91% matchMostly Positive73% of 506 reviews2012
Dev: Neko Entertainment
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 2.0 hrsMean: 3.8 hrs≥1hr: 86%
Guide your puddle of fluid through a vast range of environments and puzzles!
Why similar: Indie 50.8%, Puzzle 35.7%, Casual 13.4%
- #13 Vaporwave Pinball
86% matchVery Positive88% of 50 reviews2025
Dev: Jamie DPub: Mixtape Games UK
Windows
Escape the real world for a few minutes (or a few hours) and play lo-fi digital pinball in a selection of chill, cozy, liminal locations. Try to beat high scores & unlock up to 5 tables, each one offering something new. Vaporwave Pinball is the perfect "virtual holiday" destination.
Why similar: Relaxing 39.6%, Casual 36.4%, Puzzle 17.1%, Singleplayer 7%
- #14 Magic Box
89% matchMixed67% of 131 reviews2017
Dev: Indie Games StudioPub: Enoops
Windows
Median: 3.2 hrsMean: 4.6 hrs≥1hr: 78%
Magic Box - interesting puzzle game with a lot of interesting and challenging levels.
Why similar: Casual 53.2%, Indie 24.4%, Puzzle 19%, Singleplayer 3.3%
- #15 Innoquous 5
88% matchVery Positive86% of 81 reviews2016
Dev: Chequered Ink Ltd.
Windows
Median: 3.6 hrsMean: 4.1 hrs≥1hr: 97%
Innoquous 5 is a huge puzzle-platformer... with a twist! Hit a gravity arrow or jump into a flipper and you can rotate gravity, opening new paths through each of the huge collection of levels!
Why similar: Casual 44.2%, Indie 34.5%, Puzzle 21.2%
- #16 Tiny Bubbles
87% matchVery Positive94% of 52 reviews2018
Dev: Pine Street Codeworks LLC
Windows · Mac · Linux
Play with squishy clusters of soap bubbles in this mesmerizing physics puzzle game. Winner of over a dozen indie gaming awards!
Why similar: Relaxing 24.5%, Family Friendly 21.5%, Puzzle 19.9%, Casual 17.3%, Indie 16.8%
- #17 Wizard Pool
81% matchVery Positive89% of 57 reviews2026
Dev: Grouch
Windows
Pool, but each BALL is ENCHANTED! Master the 7 different magical effects, but don't forget your fundamentals!
Why similar: Casual 46.4%, Family Friendly 20.1%, Indie 15.9%, Relaxing 15.6%, Singleplayer 2.1%
- #18 Electronics Puzzle Lab
83% matchVery Positive88% of 69 reviews2024
Dev: Sagitta Studios
Windows
Enter the most advanced challenge laboratory of today's games, where electronics and logic merge into challenges that will captivate your mind and awaken the engineer within you!
Why similar: Casual 39.3%, Puzzle 27.1%, Family Friendly 18.4%, Relaxing 14.1%, Singleplayer 1.1%
- #19 Oik 5
85% matchVery Positive89% of 166 reviews2019
Dev: Crew Lab
Windows
Casual physics puzzle. The player's goal is keep the blue block on the platform for 3 seconds in order to pass the level.
Why similar: Casual 23.1%, Family Friendly 21.6%, Indie 19%, Puzzle 17.3%, Relaxing 15.5%
- #20 Rolling Shapes
86% matchMixed56% of 64 reviews2015
Dev: Vertex Games, S.C.
Windows
Median: 3.3 hrsMean: 3.6 hrs≥1hr: 85%
In this puzzle game called Rolling Shapes, we will try to save the world manipulating geometric shapes through multiple and varied levels.
Why similar: Indie 63.4%, Puzzle 27.9%, Singleplayer 8.7%
- #21 POOOOL
80% matchVery Positive92% of 255 reviews2024
Dev: Noah KingPub: digimoss
Windows
Median: 1.4 hrsMean: 3.1 hrs≥1hr: 61%
POOOOL is a small, pool-inspired physics puzzler where you combine balls of similar sizes to create even bigger ones, all while trying to save room for more. Chase your hi-score, share scores with friends, and master your flinging skills!
Why similar: Casual 29.5%, Relaxing 26.5%, Puzzle 24%, Family Friendly 12.6%, Indie 5.1%
- #22 Cubicolor
84% matchVery Positive94% of 203 reviews2016
Dev: Moltenplay
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 1.2 hrsMean: 2.6 hrs≥1hr: 56%
Cubicolor is a minimalist puzzle game. The rules are simple: Match the color patches on the board and reach the exit, all on one single path. The game gets harder as the levels progress, always accompanying you with soothing piano tunes.
Why similar: Casual 44.8%, Indie 33%, Puzzle 17.7%, Singleplayer 4.5%
- #23 Lovux
81% matchVery Positive93% of 99 reviews2023
Dev: Mindlabor
Windows · Mac · Linux
Lovux is a minimalist logic puzzle where the goal is to break all the glasses in the game area by wisely using various glass types and mechanics. The difficulty of the game increases gradually, thanks to new mechanics introduced every 10 levels.
Why similar: Puzzle 27.4%, Casual 23.5%, Indie 17.8%, Relaxing 16.1%, Family Friendly 11.2%
- #24 Bars and Balance
84% matchVery Positive88% of 81 reviews2017
Dev: Mykhail Konokh
Windows
Median: 36 minMean: 5.9 hrs≥1hr: 28%
Relaxing physics puzzle game with minimalist design.
Why similar: Casual 33%, Indie 25%, Family Friendly 14.4%, Relaxing 12.3%, Puzzle 11.8%
- #25 Grab the Bottle
82% matchVery Positive84% of 138 reviews2017
Dev: Kamina Dimension
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 3.8 hrs≥1hr: 86%
Grab the Bottle is a puzzle game in which you solve puzzles by stretching an infinitely stretchy arm through various levels, grabbing and dropping objects along the way.
Why similar: Casual 46.7%, Indie 35.4%, Puzzle 17.8%
- #26 Puzzle Ball
82% matchMixed45% of 66 reviews2015
Dev: Почежерцев ВладPub: Art-Pulsar
Windows
Median: 4.4 hrsMean: 4.6 hrs≥1hr: 98%
Puzzle Ball is a physics-based puzzle game with a flexible and user-friendly level editor.
Why similar: Indie 38%, Casual 38%, Puzzle 24.1%
- #27 Colorful Recolor
77% matchVery Positive94% of 85 reviews2022
Dev: Gagonfe
Windows
Colorful Recolor is a fast-paced puzzle game with a kaleidoscopic collection of brain teasers. Play through 100 levels with engaging mechanics, striking biomes, 10+ distinct elements, and an abundance of colors. Paint your way through this colorful world!
Why similar: Puzzle 37.8%, Casual 33.2%, Relaxing 18.1%, Singleplayer 10.9%
- #28 Pixel Fixel
74% matchVery Positive100% of 124 reviews2024
Dev: Blue Pin StudioPub: Blue Pin Publishing
Windows · Linux
Pixel Fixel is a soothing game where players match tiles of various colors to form satisfying gradients. Arrange chaos into beautiful mosaics of colors! Complete levels on your own, triumph over daily puzzles or invite a friend to a friendly competition...
Why similar: Casual 30%, Relaxing 29.3%, Puzzle 21.7%, Family Friendly 15.5%, Singleplayer 3.5%
- #29 Domino Sky
79% matchVery Positive80% of 373 reviews2016
Dev: russpuppy
Windows · Mac
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 3.8 hrs≥1hr: 82%
Domino Sky is a physics based game where you place and topple domino pieces to solve puzzles. Free build mode also available.
Why similar: Casual 23.6%, Indie 19.5%, Relaxing 18.7%, Puzzle 17.9%, Family Friendly 15.3%
- #30 Flipper Volcano
76% matchMixed60% of 72 reviews2020
Dev: Sokpop Collective
Windows · Mac
Median: 24 minMean: 2.5 hrs≥1hr: 37%
Flipper Volcano is procedurally generated ghost pinball inside a volcano. Use your flippers to reach higher levels and outrun the rising lava!
Why similar: Casual 74.7%, Indie 19.8%, Singleplayer 5.6%
- #31 Inside The Gear
79% matchMostly Negative40% of 140 reviews2014
Dev: Mykhail Konokh
Windows
Median: 2.4 hrsMean: 3.2 hrs≥1hr: 77%
A physics puzzle game like no other! You are inside the big old machine. There are rusty gears and shafts all around you, along with interactive objects such as planks and cubes. Use each object and place the wheel on the platform – easy!
Why similar: Casual 38%, Indie 28%, Puzzle 18.8%, Family Friendly 12.1%, Singleplayer 3.2%
- #32 Best Plumber
75% matchMostly Positive72% of 162 reviews2019
Dev: Hograung Studio
Windows
Median: 4.0 hrsMean: 5.5 hrs≥1hr: 87%
Help the young plumber hold the water in the right direction as fast as you can.
Why similar: Family Friendly 31.2%, Casual 23.5%, Puzzle 21.6%, Indie 18.1%, Singleplayer 5.7%
- #33 Brick Breaker Maker
67% matchVery Positive99% of 125 reviews2025
Dev: Unseenstone
Windows
Brick Breaker Maker is a rich, element-based Arkanoid game in which you need to flexibly control the baffle to bounce the ball and break the bricks to win. The game provides level editor that can be shared in the workshop to interact with other players, which is full of fun and competition.
Why similar: Casual 57.6%, Indie 21.2%, Relaxing 17.7%, Singleplayer 3.5%
- #34 "Glow Ball" - The billiard puzzle game
78% matchMostly Negative27% of 142 reviews2015
Dev: WTFOMGames
Windows · Linux
Median: 2.9 hrsMean: 3.4 hrs≥1hr: 95%
Physics based puzzle game type of billiards. If you like billiard games or love pool then this game is for you!
Why similar: Casual 35.4%, Puzzle 34.4%, Indie 30.2%
- #35 Colorgrid
73% matchVery Positive92% of 154 reviews2019
Dev: Minimol Games
Windows · Mac
Colorgrid is a puzzle game about mixing colors in a Lab. Find the correct positions for your lasers and mirrors to get the right mix of colors in each material.
Why similar: Casual 39.1%, Puzzle 29.9%, Relaxing 26.2%, Singleplayer 4.8%
- #36 Circularity
76% matchMixed61% of 64 reviews2017
Dev: Giorgi AbelashviliPub: SA Industry
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 36 minMean: 8.5 hrs≥1hr: 42%
Relaxing puzzle with interesting game mechanics - bring your character to the final portal which will transit you to the next level. You will need to move straight, avoid obstacles, jump through portals, ricochet from walls and a lot more.
Why similar: Casual 56.2%, Indie 43.8%
- #37 Cosmic Collapse
68% matchVery Positive99% of 127 reviews2024
Dev: Johan PeitzPub: Apskeppet
Windows · Mac
Merge planets together in this puzzle game with soft physics. Can you make it to the sun? Can you merge two suns? Find out for science!
Why similar: Family Friendly 25.3%, Casual 23%, Relaxing 20.5%, Puzzle 19.7%, Indie 5.7%
- #38 Backworlds
73% matchVery Positive97% of 66 reviews2020
Dev: Logic Ember Limited
Windows
Backworlds is a multi-dimensional puzzle platform game in which you explore by painting. Solve environmental conundrums by using each world’s physical properties to your advantage, and use your own creativity to craft original solutions to the game’s puzzles.
Why similar: Indie 62.4%, Family Friendly 18.8%, Puzzle 14.3%, Singleplayer 4.5%
- #39 Mind Spheres
74% matchMostly Positive77% of 817 reviews2016
Dev: Microblast GamesPub: SA Industry
Windows · Mac
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 4.0 hrs≥1hr: 90%
Inspired by two not so different worlds, Mind Spheres brings you an exclusive and awesome experience. A physics puzzle with minigolf + pinball unique mashup. Figure out puzzles in order to proceed to the next level.
Why similar: Casual 40.1%, Puzzle 33.8%, Indie 14.1%, Relaxing 7.3%, Singleplayer 4.6%
- #40 Laser Attraction
72% matchVery Positive90% of 60 reviews2021
Dev: Vectmatica
Windows
Play with lasers and solve puzzles in Laser Attraction. Use reflection, refraction, dispersion and filtration to direct the laser beams, mix and separate colours, open doors, hit targets and complete puzzles.
Why similar: Puzzle 28.9%, Relaxing 25.7%, Indie 24.4%, Casual 13.1%, Singleplayer 7.9%
- #41 LIT: Bend the Light
71% matchVery Positive94% of 315 reviews2020
Dev: Copperglass
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 1.3 hrsMean: 2.4 hrs≥1hr: 57%
Light, darkness and remarkable puzzles! Bend the light to your will in this award winning physics-based puzzle game. Feel like a renaissance engineer, build your own solutions to light puzzles, feel your brain grow and all of that within the beautiful and mysterious world of LIT.
Why similar: Casual 47.2%, Indie 36.9%, Puzzle 7.7%, Relaxing 6.4%, Singleplayer 1.8%
- #42 Bloop
75% matchMixed47% of 366 reviews2015
Dev: 2SDPub: KISS ltd
Windows
Median: 6 minMean: 3.6 hrs≥1hr: 18%
Ignite your imagination with a whimsical 2D liquid physics-based puzzle game by Studio 2SD!
Why similar: Indie 39%, Casual 36.9%, Puzzle 24.1%
- #43 Marble Mayhem: Fragile Ball
73% matchMixed67% of 1,112 reviews2015
Dev: Bimboosoft Co.,Ltd.Pub: Senpai Industrial Studios
Windows
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 4.3 hrs≥1hr: 88%
Devilishly difficult but insanely rewarding physics puzzler. Play through 85 levels of diverse and ingenious physics-based challenges.
Why similar: Casual 42.4%, Indie 28.5%, Puzzle 24.9%, Singleplayer 4.2%
- #44 Crayon Physics Deluxe
72% matchVery Positive86% of 1,153 reviews2009
Dev: Kloonigames
Windows · Mac
Median: 30 minMean: 1.6 hrs≥1hr: 28%
Crayon Physics Deluxe is a 2D physics puzzle / sandbox game, in which you get to experience what it would be like if your drawings would be magically transformed into real physical objects. Solve puzzles with your artistic vision and creative use of physics.
Why similar: Casual 26.9%, Puzzle 24%, Indie 21.4%, Family Friendly 17.8%, Relaxing 6.1%
- #45 Reach Me
71% matchVery Positive83% of 65 reviews2017
Dev: Antizero company
Windows
Median: 1.7 hrsMean: 8.9 hrs≥1hr: 56%
Reach Me is a colorful physical puzzle in a minimalist style.The goal of this game is to move the blocks onto the platform using special ammunition, as well as various objects in the level.
Why similar: Casual 46.8%, Indie 36.5%, Puzzle 16.7%
- #46 The Floor is Jelly
71% matchVery Positive84% of 434 reviews2014
Dev: Auren Snyder
Windows · Mac
Median: 36 minMean: 2.9 hrs≥1hr: 42%
The Floor is Jelly is a game that answers the question: what if everything you touched was made of jello?
Why similar: Indie 64.1%, Puzzle 19.5%, Relaxing 16.4%
- #47 Factory Balls
69% matchVery Positive99% of 148 reviews2019
Dev: Bart Bonte
Windows
You might think that working on the assembly line is tedious work, but not if you're manufacturing Factory Balls! Your job in this logic puzzle game is to custom craft each ball to a specific order. You've got all the tools you need to fulfill each order... except the instruction manual.
Why similar: Casual 28.1%, Indie 20.1%, Puzzle 20%, Relaxing 15.8%, Family Friendly 13.2%
- #48 Roxy Raccoon's Pinball Panic
67% matchVery Positive94% of 62 reviews2022
Dev: Sinomod Studios
Windows
Roxy Raccoon's Pinball Panic is a reimagining of the 3D Platformer but told through a unique, pinball format. End the witch’s wicked schemes and conquer her many challenges. Prove once and for all, that you are the true pinball champion!
Why similar: Family Friendly 33.8%, Relaxing 30.5%, Casual 27.8%, Singleplayer 7.9%
- #49 Jigs4w3D Puzzle Challenge
64% matchMostly Positive78% of 58 reviews2024
Dev: WOMBEX Games
Windows
Jigs4w3D Puzzle Challenge is a casual single-player experience. Chill, enjoy the immersive 3D environments and complete a fine selection of your favourite puzzles. Choose from different categories and solve all 31 puzzles on 5 difficulty settings for completely free or grab your favourite DLC.
Why similar: Relaxing 27%, Family Friendly 25.2%, Puzzle 23%, Casual 19.6%, Singleplayer 5.2%
- #50 Winexy
70% matchMixed66% of 187 reviews2017
Dev: Heaven BrotherhoodPub: GrabTheGames
Windows
Median: 3.0 hrsMean: 3.4 hrs≥1hr: 82%
Winexy is a realistic 3D rolling ball game with a simple gameplay and entertaining action.
Why similar: Casual 28.7%, Family Friendly 22.5%, Puzzle 21.6%, Indie 21.4%, Singleplayer 5.8%
- #51 Strange Jigsaws
56% matchOverwhelmingly Positive99% of 3,662 reviews2025
Dev: FLEB
Windows
Median: 2.6 hrsMean: 2.9 hrs≥1hr: 85%
A game of strange jigsaws.
Why similar: Casual 35.1%, Puzzle 22.8%, Family Friendly 14.8%, Relaxing 13.1%, Indie 10.6%
- #52 Entangle
70% matchVery Positive91% of 53 reviews2017
Dev: Blake Garner
Windows
Entangle takes the simple premise of maneuvering line segments along intersecting paths and combines this with an array of clever mechanics to create a unique and challenging puzzle experience.
Why similar: Casual 29.3%, Puzzle 28.5%, Indie 22%, Relaxing 16.1%, Singleplayer 4.1%
- #53 EXIT
70% matchVery Positive92% of 61 reviews2016
Dev: SIXNAILS
Windows
Median: 4.8 hrsMean: 6.1 hrs≥1hr: 97%
EXIT is a very challenging puzzle game that requires pure logic rather than luck or dexterity. It includes 100 mind blowing levels. Are you READY?
Why similar: Casual 40.5%, Indie 29.5%, Puzzle 23%, Singleplayer 7%
- #54 Love In Drawing
67% matchVery Positive85% of 238 reviews2019
Dev: RewindApp
Windows
Reflect and draw! Love In Drawing is a game that aims to make you reflect to solve levels where you need to gather red and blue balls.
Why similar: Casual 33%, Indie 22.8%, Family Friendly 14.1%, Relaxing 13.8%, Puzzle 13.1%
- #55 Chocolate makes you happy 5
69% matchMixed70% of 112 reviews2018
Dev: Blender Games
Windows
Median: 42 minMean: 4.8 hrs≥1hr: 42%
Casual colorful physical puzzle with sweets, jumpers, teleports, accelerators, reverse gravity, traps and explosions
Why similar: Relaxing 34.1%, Puzzle 31%, Family Friendly 25.1%, Singleplayer 9.7%
- #56 Coin Pusher Casino
60% matchVery Positive86% of 962 reviews2024
Dev: TreeNutsGames
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 5.3 hrsMean: 16.8 hrs≥1hr: 79%
Drop coins, trigger satisfying chain reactions, and collect prizes in this physics-based arcade experience. Inspired by classic coin pusher machines, enjoy a relaxing yet addictive gameplay loop right on your computer.
Why similar: Relaxing 34.1%, Casual 32.7%, Family Friendly 26.6%, Singleplayer 6.6%
- #57 Netoo
57% matchVery Positive100% of 50 reviews2026
Dev: Mindlabor
Windows · Mac · Linux
Netoo is a minimalist logic puzzle where you try to place small magnets into their correct spots by rotating transporter magnets with rotators. The difficulty of the game increases gradually, thanks to new mechanics introduced every 10 levels.
Why similar: Casual 27.9%, Puzzle 23.9%, Indie 21%, Relaxing 15.3%, Family Friendly 8.3%