Games Like Age of Reforging: The Freelands

Lead a mercenary company in this tactical RPG set in a medieval fantasy world. Chase fame and fortune as you choose where to go, who to recruit, which contracts to pursue, and how to train and equip your men in a procedurally generated open world campaign.

Why similar: Sandbox 17.5%, Open World 17.2%, Medieval 16.7%, Character Customization 12.5%, Realistic 8.3%

Why You'll Like It: This game excels at the gritty management of a mercenary company in a harsh, procedurally generated medieval world.

A strategy/action RPG. Create a character, engage in diplomacy, craft, trade and conquer new lands in a vast medieval sandbox. Raise armies to lead into battle and command and fight alongside your troops in massive real-time battles using a deep but intuitive skill-based combat system.

Why similar: Medieval 24.9%, Open World 22.2%, Sandbox 17.7%, Strategy 10.2%, RPG 9.4%

Why You'll Like It: It is the definitive medieval sandbox experience that perfectly mirrors the party management and large-scale strategic combat found in the seed game.

Wartales is an open world RPG in which you lead a group of mercenaries in their search for wealth across a massive medieval universe. Explore the world, recruit companions, collect bounties and unravel the secrets of the tombs of the ancients!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 25.5%, Open World 18.7%, Medieval 14.6%, Tactical RPG 11.6%, RPG 9.6%

Why You'll Like It: This open-world RPG focuses on leading a band of mercenaries through a medieval landscape with heavy emphasis on survival and party progression.

Command, endure, and prosper in The Iron Oath, a turn-based tactical RPG where the fate of your mercenary company rests on your decisions. Customize your roster, build your renown, and discover the secrets that await in the medieval fantasy realm of Caelum.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 17.3%, Tactical RPG 12.7%, Strategy RPG 11.6%, CRPG 10.5%, Open World 9.3%

Why You'll Like It: It features a persistent, evolving world where your mercenary company's decisions have long-term consequences on the environment.

A free-roaming squad based RPG. Focusing on open-ended sandbox gameplay features rather than a linear story. Be a trader, a thief, a rebel, a warlord, an adventurer, a farmer, a slave, or just food for the cannibals. Train your men up from puny victims to master warriors.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.6%, RTS 15%, Real Time Tactics 14.6%, Strategy RPG 13.1%, Open World 12.8%

Why You'll Like It: It provides an unparalleled level of sandbox freedom where you build a party and struggle to survive in a dangerous, unforgiving open world.

Embark on an epic journey, enjoying complete freedom in a dynamic sandbox RPG. The world and its inhabitants will witness your deeds and react accordingly, adapting the narrative to your choices and delivering a truly unique and free experience.

Why similar: Tactical RPG 24.3%, Sandbox 19%, Character Customization 13.3%, Open World 13%, RPG 7.8%

Why You'll Like It: A tactical RPG that leans heavily into sandbox exploration and character-driven progression.

Adventure and fight in a medieval fantasy open world! Build heroic characters with various abilities, travel through villages, cities, or perilous dungeons. Strategic turn-based combat system and advanced character building - Fog of war, charging and flanking, and more in the fast-paced Arena mode.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21%, Tactical RPG 11.8%, Strategy RPG 11.8%, Dungeon Crawler 11%, Medieval 10.5%

Why You'll Like It: This game offers a classic party-based RPG experience with a strong focus on turn-based tactical combat and exploration.

Roll for initiative, take attacks of opportunity, manage player location and the verticality of the battle field in this Turn-Based Tactical RPG based on the SRD 5.1 Ruleset. In Solasta, you make the choices, dice decide your destiny.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 25.1%, Strategy RPG 18.6%, CRPG 15.1%, Character Customization 13.4%, Fantasy 8.9%

Why You'll Like It: It delivers deep, party-based tactical combat that closely mirrors the strategic depth and party customization of the seed game.

An open-world adventure RPG. Choose your favorite character, train your elite legion step by step, and crush all enemies on the battlefield. Strengthen yourself, establish a powerful family, create a great dynasty, and become the dominator of this fantasy world.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 19.8%, Tactical RPG 15.2%, Real Time Tactics 14.1%, Strategy RPG 14.1%, Sandbox 12.5%

Why You'll Like It: It blends tactical RPG elements with sandbox management, mirroring the strategic party-based gameplay of the seed.

A squad-based tactical RPG with fluid turn-based combat, outpost, and followers management, set in the expansive fantasy world of Zoria. Lead a team of four heroes with their unique skills and perks. Every team member contributes to undertaken battles.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.2%, Tactical RPG 15%, CRPG 12.7%, Dungeon Crawler 12.5%, Character Customization 10.6%

Why You'll Like It: A party-based RPG that emphasizes exploration and atmospheric world-building in a 3D environment.

Determine the destiny of Rome as you conquer foreign lands and navigate political intrigue in this turn-based RPG. Directly fight with your party of Praetorians, guide your legion to victory, and choose your own path in a story where every decision matters. How will you shape the future of Rome?

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 31.5%, CRPG 18.3%, Tactical RPG 18.3%, RPG 10%, Strategy 8.9%

Why You'll Like It: This title combines party-based tactical RPG mechanics with strategic campaign management in a compelling historical setting.

Wildermyth follows heroes over their whole careers, from their pitchfork days to their powerful primes, and on into old age and memory. It’s a party-based procedural storytelling RPG where tactical combat and story decisions will alter your world and reshape your cast of characters.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 40.6%, Tactical RPG 18.6%, Character Customization 15.5%, Choices Matter 8.1%, Fantasy 7.5%

Why You'll Like It: Its procedural storytelling and party-based growth make every adventure feel unique and deeply personal.

Gedonia is a classic open world rpg, featuring a complete freedom of building your character, exploring a huge world and completing quests.

Why similar: Open World 21.3%, Medieval 15.3%, Magic 13.8%, Character Customization 11.6%, CRPG 10.9%

Why You'll Like It: An open-world sandbox RPG that emphasizes player freedom, exploration, and diverse character customization paths.

Black Geyser is an isometric, party-based fantasy RPG inspired by genre classics. Recruit characters with unique personalities and explore a land ravaged by civil war and a mysterious curse of greed. Your choices, good or evil, will decide the fate of the Kingdom of Isilmerald.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.1%, Tactical RPG 13.8%, CRPG 13.5%, Open World 11.3%, Medieval 10.2%

Why You'll Like It: A classic isometric CRPG that features real-time-with-pause combat and deep party management.

Craft a party of diverse characters, each with customizable skills and looks. Explore a living world with dynamic day-night cycles, changing seasons, and diverse biomes. Embark on an epic journey where you shape your destiny as the director of your unique story.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 24.9%, Sandbox 15.5%, Open World 12.7%, Character Customization 10.6%, Medieval 10.1%

Why You'll Like It: Provides a sandbox-focused dungeon-crawler experience with heavy emphasis on tactical turn-based combat.

Explore the open world of Terscara as you advance through the challenging and tactical encounters in this epic turn-based tactical RPG. Form and lead a group of battle-proven companions, delve into the ancient dungeons to collect the elusive vault crystals, and end Xandar’s Wraith once and for all.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 19.6%, Tactical RPG 15.3%, Strategy RPG 14.2%, Sandbox 12.9%, Open World 9.9%

Why You'll Like It: A tactical RPG that focuses on building a mercenary company and engaging in turn-based combat within a sandbox world.

No remarkable journey is achieved without great effort. In Outward, the cold of the night or an infected wound can be as dangerous as a predator lurking in the dark. Explore the vast world of Aurai solo or in Co-op. The Definitive Edition features both DLCs and quality of life improvements.

Why similar: Open World 46.3%, RPG 24.8%, Fantasy 10.2%, Exploration 9.1%, Adventure 5.6%

Why You'll Like It: It focuses on survival and exploration in an open world where preparation and tactical combat are essential to success.

Experience the freedom normally only found in a tabletop RPG. Empowered with magic, you will create your own story, and experience real consequences from the decisions you make. Will you be the world’s savior... or its destroyer? The choice is yours.

Why similar: Tactical RPG 14.8%, Magic 14.2%, Sandbox 13.2%, CRPG 12.5%, Medieval 10.8%

Why You'll Like It: A tabletop-inspired adventure that focuses on player agency and the freedom to shape your own magical legend.

Wildly open-ended adventure in a unique fantasy world. Use battle or diplomacy and trickery to change the world, served by an army of custom-made mutant monsters. Almost 90 zones to explore and 50+ hours of gameplay. Enormous range of abilities, factions, quests, and paths to victory.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 23%, Strategy RPG 16.1%, CRPG 13.7%, Tactical RPG 13.5%, Dungeon Crawler 11.8%

Why You'll Like It: Offers a unique strategic RPG experience with a heavy focus on party composition and world-altering choices.

Fates of Ort is a retro fantasy RPG focused on strategic action, in a land where time is frozen when you stand still. Cast powerful spells - but beware, they will cost you your life.

Why similar: Strategy RPG 15.4%, Open World 15.4%, CRPG 12.9%, Magic 11.7%, Tactical 9.4%

Why You'll Like It: An open-world RPG where your choices matter and magic is tied to a unique tactical combat system.

A party of goblins, granted magic by an ancient spirit, wanders the archipelago, fighting back the terrible Fog. Wield elemental power with wild repercussions in this open-world tactics RPG.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21%, Tactical RPG 16.3%, Strategy RPG 14.9%, Open World 11.3%, Character Customization 8.4%

Why You'll Like It: A tactical RPG that emphasizes exploration and party-based combat in a beautifully stylized open world.

You are in a barbarian land. They are trying to kill you. The Queen demands you tame them. So what now? Escape into an exciting, open-ended story and cunning tactical combat. Epic, indie fantasy adventure. Freely explore a huge world, fight for fame and power, and shape the world as you choose.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 24.9%, CRPG 15.3%, Tactical RPG 15%, Dungeon Crawler 13%, RPG 8%

Why You'll Like It: A party-based CRPG that balances strategic combat with a focus on exploration and political choices.

Lawless Lands is a dark medieval role-playing game featuring a grim setting and innovative mechanics that allow players to delve into a low-fantasy, apocalyptic world of epic proportions. Defy and destroy the darkness that has taken hold over these Lawless Lands.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 17.3%, Open World 13.7%, CRPG 11.8%, Character Customization 10.9%, Medieval 10.8%

Why You'll Like It: A dark fantasy open-world RPG that features extensive character customization and choose-your-own-adventure elements.

A love letter to classic Infinity Engine cRPGs from the creators of ATOM RPG, Swordhaven is a turn-based \ RTwP, party-based, dialogue-heavy 85+ hour long adventure set in a world of Nova Drakonia.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 24.4%, CRPG 16.8%, Strategy RPG 15.8%, Medieval 12.6%, Exploration 7.5%

Why You'll Like It: An isometric CRPG that prioritizes player choice and exploration in a rich, reactive world.

A fantasy turn-based tactical RPG built on depth and mechanical complexity, featuring classless character building, strategic management, and small unit tactics on a world scale.

Why similar: Strategy RPG 16.1%, Tactical RPG 14.4%, Strategy 13.7%, RPG 12.7%, CRPG 10.3%

Why You'll Like It: A strategy-focused RPG that allows for deep customization of your party and tactical combat encounters.

Who will you become to triumph? A turn-based RPG where your personality traits change your powers and proficiencies. Combine personality traits, rare weapons, and 20+ classes into endless team compositions; combos & builds are the keys to surviving your long journey towards Yaengard.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 23.1%, Tactical RPG 17.2%, Character Customization 9%, Medieval 8.2%, Magic 7.9%

Why You'll Like It: A party-based RPG where your choices and character traits significantly impact the tactical combat and narrative.

Embark on an epic adventure to rise to power in this new Real-Time-With-Pause medieval fantasy RPG that combines action and strategy mechanics. Fight a lot, explore, choose how you fight, configure your abilities, create powerful builds and combos. Awaken your true power!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 19.5%, Strategy RPG 12.2%, Medieval 11.8%, Magic 10.8%, Character Customization 8.8%

Antharion is an epic old-school fantasy RPG that combines tactical turn-based combat with the freedom of a huge living-breathing open world.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 19.5%, CRPG 13.5%, RPG 12.6%, Dungeon Crawler 12.3%, Open World 10.3%

Why You'll Like It: An indie RPG that captures the spirit of classic turn-based adventure games with a focus on party strategy.

Knights of the Chalice 2 is a 2D RPG with turn-based combat. Create six Adventurers and set forth on an epic adventure against Evil. Overcome the odds with superior tactics. Enjoy a whole new dimension of complexity and variety based on the 3.5 ruleset! Includes a Module Editor.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 25.8%, Tactical RPG 18%, CRPG 17%, Dungeon Crawler 11.6%, Character Customization 11%

Why You'll Like It: A deep, tactical CRPG that focuses on party-based combat and complex dungeon exploration.

Dive into a living medieval fantasy sandbox RPG where the world moves with or without you and factions rise and fall. Become a thief, hunter, or sellsword, survive alone or with a party, and shape your story in a fully enterable world where every building, cave, and road hides opportunity or danger.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 18.7%, Sandbox 13.1%, Open World 13%, Tactical RPG 12.3%, Medieval 10.9%

Fabled Lands is a challenging old-school narrative RPG set in an open world. Complete quests, fight, trade goods and develop your character. Explore a vast land of adventure: travel across the war-torn kingdom, survive the plains of howling darkness, and escape the Court of Hidden Faces.

Why similar: CRPG 23.3%, Tactical RPG 21.2%, Open World 21.1%, Strategy RPG 18.9%, RPG 9.5%

Why You'll Like It: A sandbox CRPG that offers a massive open world to explore with a focus on player-driven narrative and adventure.

The Adventurers is a turn-based tactical RPG where every decision shapes your legacy. Lead your party of heroes in an open world filled with random events that affect your story. Survive a high fantasy landscape where your epic saga is waiting to be written.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 20.7%, Open World 12.8%, Strategy RPG 12.7%, Tactical RPG 11.9%, Medieval 10.6%

Prophecy of Ashen: a dark fantasy tactical CRPG. Be a secret messenger between the Hall's judgment and the Ashborne's vengeance. Recruit allies, use terrain and magic in turn-based combat. Your choices reshape Rattalan: uphold order or ignite destruction.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.1%, Tactical RPG 17.1%, CRPG 16.9%, Strategy RPG 14.3%, Magic 12.6%

Swords And Magic: Path Of Conquest is a Real-Time Auto Combat game with Team RPG elements set in a fantasy world! Gather your adventurers, build your team, challenge Dungeons, claim your rightful reward and reveal the mystery of the world!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 22.5%, Real Time Tactics 16.9%, RTS 16.9%, Medieval 9.5%, Magic 7.3%

Eisenwald: Blood of November is a new sandbox adventure in the world of Eisenwald. Take up your arms and fight for your cause (and find out first who or what you want to be fighting for).

Why similar: Strategy RPG 21%, Medieval 16.1%, CRPG 15%, Sandbox 11.2%, Tactical 10.4%

Why You'll Like It: A medieval strategy-RPG that emphasizes tactical combat and exploration in a grounded, low-fantasy setting.

The cult-classic saga is back! Battle for fame, power, and wealth in the subterranean nation of Avernum. Conquer an enormous underworld in this epic turn-based fantasy RPG. Features huge, clever dungeons, varied and cunning foes, 100s of artifacts to find or craft, and a really cool story.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 25.9%, Strategy RPG 13.9%, RPG 11.2%, CRPG 10.3%, Tactical RPG 9.5%

Age of Fear: The Free World is an introduction to a decade-old turn-based strategy series that fuses a tabletop wargame with RPG elements. Choose your faction (Undead Legion, Human Kingdom or Greenskins Horde), build a unique army and embark on exploring the realm!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 25.1%, Tactical RPG 18.8%, Strategy RPG 17.2%, Open World 11%, Character Customization 9.9%

"Kingdom of Atham: Crown of the Champions - Embark on a medieval fantasy survival odyssey. Reclaim the stolen Crown, battle dark forces, and explore diverse lands. Uncover secrets, wield magic, and craft your destiny. Will you become the true champion of Atham?"

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 23.8%, Sandbox 15.8%, Dungeon Crawler 15.2%, Open World 11.4%, Magic 8.6%

Explore and reclaim the infested castle-city of Kingsvein! Ride into its depths on your trusty wyvern, and lead your customizable party of Knights and Mystics in deep tactical combat.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 22.9%, Tactical RPG 16.2%, Strategy RPG 15.8%, Medieval 9.3%, Character Customization 8%

Set on the eve of the Yellow Turban Rebellion (AD 182), you can play as an original character or a historical warlord, building forces and forging alliances. Whether you choose to be a lone wanderer or rally famous generals, use your knowledge and wisdom to reshape history!

Why similar: Strategy RPG 25.1%, Tactical RPG 22.9%, Open World 19.8%, Dungeon Crawler 10.7%, Strategy 9.2%

Experience a Fast-Paced Roguelite Turn-Based Strategy game with a New Turn-Based System which will need you to plan early on and create strategies that would lead your army to victory. Create an army with different Characters and Leaders to choose from and explore this Roguelite world.

Why similar: Tactical RPG 16.6%, Medieval 15.9%, Open World 15.4%, Sandbox 13.4%, RPG 8.4%

Knights of the Chalice is a 2D RPG with turn-based combat. Create four Adventurers and embark on a bold journey to save the Land from Slavers, Demons, Dragons and other Evil Forces, as your Heroic Party progresses all the way from level 1 to level 20. The free Demo/Tutorial is a unique adventure.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.1%, Tactical RPG 14.8%, CRPG 14.1%, Open World 10.8%, Dungeon Crawler 9.4%

A Sci-Fi role-playing game featuring turn-based ground combat, space exploration, deep character customization and a massive living universe with thousands of star systems. Equip your ships with the best equipment you can find, gather a powerful crew of mercenaries and set out into the void!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 17.8%, Tactical RPG 13.9%, CRPG 13.3%, Dungeon Crawler 11.1%, Sandbox 11%

Lead a party of runaway mages through the dangerous world of Rund. Discover alchemy. Master magic. Explore the land. Survive the challenges.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.3%, Tactical RPG 15.1%, Open World 13.5%, Character Customization 9.4%, Magic 9.2%

A Quest That Became Legend is a game inspired by old school RPG classics, with turn based combat and an open world environment. Set out on an epic quest to defeat the dark conjurers and save your world from destruction.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 24.2%, Dungeon Crawler 13.6%, Open World 12.3%, Character Customization 9.4%, RPG 7.6%

Play on randomly generated worlds with a party of characters just the way you like it. You will not be bounded by classes or scripted story, only by your creativity. Make your own journey. Tell your own history.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 26.6%, Open World 19.2%, RPG 18.1%, Strategy 15.1%, Character Customization 10.7%

Explore a vast open world and crawl through dungeons in first person, then fight tactical turn-based battles from a top-down perspective. Guide your adventuring party through Archaelund, mankind's last frontier, and uncover its many secrets.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 29.7%, Open World 16.5%, Dungeon Crawler 15%, CRPG 12.2%, RPG 9%

A bloodthirsty, high fantasy, turn-based combat, open-world RPG! Light on story, this game is about deadly tactical combat and developing a legendary adventuring party!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 17.9%, Tactical RPG 15.6%, Strategy RPG 12.5%, Dungeon Crawler 10.7%, Open World 9.7%

Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Enhanced Plus Edition is the first isometric party-based cRPG set in the Pathfinder fantasy universe. Enjoy a classic RPG experience inspired by games like Baldur's Gate, Fallout 1 and 2 and Arcanum. Explore and conquer the Stolen Lands and make them your kingdom!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 24.2%, CRPG 14.4%, Strategy RPG 14.1%, RPG 11.8%, Character Customization 9%

Blackthorn Arena is a strategy/management sim with a real-time/turn based combat system, set in a world of mythical monsters and classic fantasy races. Play as the master of Blackthorn Arena, train your slaves into gladiators, forge them into your champions, and send them to fight for your glory!

Why similar: Real Time Tactics 18.6%, CRPG 17.4%, Sandbox 15.2%, Medieval 14.4%, Open World 11.8%

Build and command your own party of Dwarves in this mix of Auto Battler, Strategy, and RPG. Prepare formations, assign equipment, and decide the fate of up to 10 Beardlings, as you lead the raid party through reckless runs filled with Glory, Death, and Loot!

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 26%, Tactical RPG 17.4%, Character Customization 12.5%, Strategy RPG 12.3%, RPG 8.5%

Embark on a perilous journey across a realm forsaken by the gods and devastated by an arcane cataclysm. Lead a traveling company through a harsh, unforgiving world where survival is never guaranteed in Vagrus, an award-winning turn-based post-apocalyptic fantasy RPG.

Why similar: Strategy RPG 25.7%, Open World 22.3%, CRPG 20.7%, Exploration 9.6%, RPG 9.5%

Of Ash and Steel is an immersive third-person open-world RPG created by a passionate team that values the essence of classic old-school RPGs and modern design. Explore the lands of a once-prosperous island, hone your combat skills, and survive in the unforgiving realm of the Kingdom of the Seven.

Why similar: Medieval 32%, RPG 14.2%, Open World 12.8%, Magic 9.3%, Adventure 8.6%

Set sail in Overfall, a whimsical roguelike turn-based RPG of diplomacy and danger. Recruit unlikely heroes, forge alliances or crush your foes across ever-shifting seas to find a lost king. Every run is fresh with procedural worlds, permanent death, branching story encounters, and hand-drawn art.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.6%, Strategy RPG 18.5%, Open World 12%, Dungeon Crawler 11.3%, CRPG 9.2%

Calradia is a land at war, offering great riches and even greater dangers to adventurers and mercenaries that flock to shed their blood on its soil. With courage and a strong sword, an unknown stranger can make a name as a warrior. Free-form sand-box gameplay.

Why similar: Medieval 27.9%, Open World 23.2%, Sandbox 17%, RPG 14.4%, Strategy 7.7%

New Real Time Strategy Game based on medieval times, where you will control powerful factions and empires, with large-scale epic battles, asymmetric civilizations, unit customization system with RPG elements, dynamic AI, 8K support and much more.

Why similar: RTS 18.4%, Strategy RPG 15.4%, Tactical RPG 14.2%, Real Time Tactics 13.8%, Medieval 10.3%

Ash of Gods: Redemption is a turn-based RPG that combines tactical combat, CCG elements, and a constantly evolving story in which no one is safe from death, including the main characters.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 21.8%, Strategy RPG 16.4%, Tactical RPG 14.7%, CRPG 12.1%, Medieval 12%

Legends of Ellaria is a unique blend of sandbox action-RPG and real-time strategy. Build a new kingdom for your people, construct and manage its cities, command your troops in epic battles and join them fighting in third-person action, and live adventures in an immersive high fantasy world.

Why similar: RPG 20.6%, Strategy 19%, RTS 14.1%, Open World 11.5%, Adventure 11.1%

A turn-based RPG that is action-oriented but rewards a thoughtful approach. Explore a fantastic land populated by different animal tribes. Follow the main story or hunt for treasures in ancient ruins and mysterious dungeons. Develop your character and gain powerful equipment.

Why similar: Tactical RPG 22.1%, Sandbox 15.3%, Medieval 15%, Dungeon Crawler 14.5%, Open World 13.9%

Sandwalkers is a roguelike turn-based strategy game. Convoy goods to neighboring tribes, build relationships, survive hostile creatures, and discover a new world. Inspired by great games like Wartales, Curious Expedition, or For The King.

Why similar: Party-Based RPG 30.5%, Dungeon Crawler 16.2%, Strategy RPG 12.4%, Exploration 8.8%, Fantasy 8.4%