- #1 Chop Signal
97% matchNo user reviews
Dev: qottodev
Windows
Your AI agent gets a body. A tiny pixel-art avatar on your desktop that chops wood while your assistant codes. Upgrades, a shop, rare collectibles, and full MCP control. Privacy-first: never reads your code.
Why similar: Programming 23.7% ★, Utilities 21.4% ★, Idler 17.2%, Automation 13.6%, Incremental 13.1%
- #2 Upload Labs
96% matchVery Positive92% of 7,876 reviews2025
Dev: EnigmaDev Studios
Windows · Linux
Median: 5.1 hrsMean: 21.3 hrs≥1hr: 79%
A sci-fi management game where you build and optimize your computer's system from the ground up. Connect and configure interconnected nodes to efficiently download, process, and upload files. Manage your setup, solve system challenges, and become the ultimate system architect
Why similar: Automation 25.7%, Programming 20% ★, Idler 17.5%, Hacking 14.9% ★, Incremental 12.2%
- #3 Bitburner
96% matchOverwhelmingly Positive95% of 7,299 reviews2021
Dev: Fulcrum Games
Windows · Mac · Linux
Bitburner is a programming-based incremental game. Write scripts in JavaScript to automate gameplay, learn skills, play minigames, solve puzzles, and more in this cyberpunk text-based incremental RPG.
Why similar: Programming 33% ★, Hacking 24.9% ★, Automation 18.1%, Idler 13.8%, Incremental 3.8%
- #4 Remain At Your Desk
95% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Crunch Moonkiss Studios
Windows · Mac
Incremental hacker about faking productivity while stealing from your employer. Sell intel for credits or keep it and raise suspicion. One bad audit and you’re back to Intern.
Why similar: Hacking 27% ★, Programming 20.8% ★, Automation 16.7%, Incremental 14.7%, Idler 14.1%
- #5 Hackflesh
94% matchNo user reviews2027
Dev: NecoPlanet
Windows
Hack the system. Generate data. Break reality. Hackflesh is a cyberpunk clicker with 20 generators, 716 upgrades, a constellation prestige system and over 600 achievements. Click, automate, hack, repeat.
Why similar: Hacking 30.3% ★, Automation 21.5%, Idler 18.3%, Incremental 18.1%, Simulation 6.3%
- #6 CTRL+ESC
94% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: milkygroup
Windows
CTRL+ESC is a hacker-themed idle clicker where you exploit systems, crack encryptions, and build an unstoppable network of automated exploits. Click to hack, solve captchas and minigames to boost production, and unlock powerful upgrades as you progress through increasingly complex systems.
Why similar: Incremental 20.5%, Idler 20.2%, Hacking 17.5% ★, Automation 14.3%, Programming 13.2% ★
- #7 Like Me
93% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: kirito
Windows
Turn your shut-in childhood friend into a VTuber and aim for 10 billion followers! Click SNS "Like" buttons in this clicker x idle x Adventure game. When growth slows, use "reincarnation" to boost SNS power and unlock new "Tsukimin" forms. A fresh take on modern SNS society with cute visuals.
Why similar: Automation 27%, Hacking 24.6% ★, Incremental 20.5%, Idler 17.8%, Cute 5.2%
- #8 Dark Web Incremental
91% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Incremental Dopamine
Windows · Mac · Linux
Dark web incremental is an incremental idle game where you earn money by doing criminal activities like selling drugs and hacking. Upgrade everything, and find all the pets and secrets around the map while unlocking a myriad of achievements!
Why similar: Automation 25.8%, Hacking 24.8% ★, Idler 20%, Incremental 19.2%, Simulation 6.4%
- #9 Code Nodes
91% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: VLighterPub: WTCD
Windows
The server is overwhelmed by corrupted files, and it's up to you to restore order. Build an automated system, earn resources, and upgrade your network. As you play, you will naturally learn the basics of programming and problem-solving in a calm neon atmosphere.
Why similar: Utilities 23.7% ★, Hacking 12.7% ★, Idler 12.7%, Incremental 12%, Automation 11.5%
- #10 WinHack 95
90% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Data Illusions Studios
Windows
Build a malware empire from a 90s PC. Code viruses, automate systems, take darknet contracts and also deploy them. Generate endless income to fund a shadow organization’s classified research in this hacker idle-clicker.
Why similar: Hacking 24% ★, Programming 21.1% ★, Idler 19.6%, Incremental 19.5%, Simulation 8.5%
- #11 Pragma Twice
89% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Bryan Gillespie
Windows
You've awoken deep within a research facility in a new, programmable robot body. You have holes in your memories. At least you no longer have that hole in your head...
Why similar: Programming 36% ★, Hacking 31.4% ★, Automation 25.8%, Simulation 6.8%
- #12 Buddha Taps
88% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: Lolo Studio
Windows
Tap, tap, tap—tap freely.
Why similar: Software 31.8% ★, Utilities 31.5% ★, Idler 13.3%, Incremental 11.1%, Simulation 10.4%
- #13 Hacker life simulator
89% matchMixed60% of 20 reviews2022
Dev: DFRGAMES
Windows
Take a team of hackers under your strict guidance and become known to the whole world. Expand your hideout and hack various companies around the world. Become the most famous group in the world!
Why similar: Hacking 30.6% ★, Programming 21.8% ★, Incremental 13.3%, Idler 12.2%, Simulation 5.8%
- #14 Home Office Simulator
87% match7 user reviews43% of 7 reviews2023
Dev: BigFrog Studios
Windows · Linux
Home Office Simulator is a relaxing and cute simulator game about the experience of a girl called Ayame, working remotely. Part of the game is to keep Ayame free from distractions and keep her focused.
Why similar: Automation 32.3%, Incremental 25.6%, Idler 25%, Strategy 6%, Simulation 4.8%
- #15 ClickShot
86% matchMixed48% of 23 reviews2025
Dev: ApeXPloit Studios
Windows
Lock, Load, Click. A slick clicker game where every click pulls the trigger. Earn shells, unlock wild gun cosmetics, and stack permanent multipliers. Simple to play, hard to quit. Lock, load, and click your way to glory.
Why similar: Automation 32.9%, Incremental 26.4%, Idler 25.6%, Simulation 9.5%, Colorful 2.9%
- #16 EXAPUNKS
86% matchVery Positive95% of 1,878 reviews2018
Dev: Zachtronics
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 2.1 hrsMean: 12.0 hrs≥1hr: 58%
The year is 1997. You used to be a hacker, but now you have the phage. You made a deal: one hack, one dose. There’s nothing left to lose… except your life.
Why similar: Programming 39% ★, Hacking 33.4% ★, Automation 20.7%, Simulation 4.3%, Sandbox 2.6%
- #17 Apogee
85% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: shmbrt interactive
Windows · Linux
You wake up in a failing aircraft at 75,000 feet. No memory. No flight log. No rescue coming. Keep systems running and sweep for data to stay airborne. Explore a forgotten network of high-altitude stations and follow a signal that's been waiting forty-one years for someone to listen.
Why similar: Hacking 21.6% ★, Automation 18.5%, Incremental 17.3%, Idler 16.7%, Programming 16.7% ★
- #18 Click and Slash
84% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: zebra3devPub: Sukuratchi
Windows
The Gény are cute, but no matter how BG they are, they'll need a well-placed kick! Because yes, you have to eliminate them... while doing your job! Do your activities and boost your productivity and your number of clicks for the week, slacker.
Why similar: Software 24.7% ★, Utilities 22.2% ★, Idler 21.9%, Incremental 17.4%, Simulation 8.7%
- #19 ABI-DOS
84% matchVery Positive93% of 428 reviews2024
Dev: ABI.DOS.SOFTWARE
Windows
Build the most advanced operating system ever created! Can you master the fictional simulation language of this mind-bending machine? Design circuits, automate UBITS (coloured mobile data blocks), and optimize your system. The Admin is always watching, and he’s not what he seems.
Why similar: Programming 30.3% ★, Hacking 26.1% ★, Automation 25.1%, Sandbox 7.2%, Simulation 6.5%
- #20 Cursflip
83% matchMostly Positive73% of 33 reviews2025
Dev: Tidle Studio
Windows
Change your real Windows cursor, make it huge, collect hundreds of rare cursors, trade them on the Market and dominate clicker leaderboards!
Why similar: Utilities 29.8% ★, Software 27.5% ★, Idler 18%, Incremental 16.7%, Crafting 4.8%
- #21 Sixty Four
82% matchMostly Positive74% of 1,657 reviews2024
Dev: Oleg DanilovPub: Playsaurus
Windows · Mac
Median: 5.6 hrsMean: 16.1 hrs≥1hr: 87%
Dive into the world of Sixty Four, where you transform simple machines into a thriving factory.
Why similar: Automation 26.8%, Incremental 21.9%, Idler 15.6%, Isometric 8.8%, Simulation 6.6%
- #22 TAU-09
81% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: axsys_crash
Windows · Linux
Become a Robotic Exploration Systems Programmer (RESP). Get sent to the corners of the galaxy and program robots like if your life depended on it, because it does.
Why similar: Hacking 32.3% ★, Programming 31.5% ★, Automation 22.9%, Simulation 6.7%, Sandbox 5%
- #23 Monster Logic
82% matchPositive93% of 15 reviews2020
Dev: Blorp Company
Windows · Linux
Enter the world of "Monster Logic", the monstrous programming game! In this hand-drawn puzzle game, you'll have to use each monster's unique ability to progress through the 40+ levels and the multiple biomes!
Why similar: Hacking 31.5% ★, Programming 28.1% ★, Automation 23%, Isometric 7.5%, Simulation 4.5%
- #24 Capybara Achievement Clicker
80% matchPositive100% of 16 reviews2025
Dev: JosephPub: WeirdCanyon
Windows
Capybara Achievement Clicker is a simple incremental and idle game. It features over a hundred easy-to-acquire achievements and a Capybara to click on.
Why similar: Automation 28.6%, Idler 23.4%, Incremental 20.3%, Sandbox 10.7%, Strategy 6.2%
- #25 Cyber Shard Clicker
79% matchMixed69% of 29 reviews2025
Dev: Overaction Game Studio
Windows · Mac · Linux
Cyber Shard Clicker is a short incremental game. Break down geometric shapes representing hostile cyber attacks against Vault Inc., gather data shards, upgrade your hacking skills, and spend your data shards to unlock permanent boosts in the vast skill tree to push your cyber assault even further!
Why similar: Automation 24.2%, Hacking 23.4% ★, Idler 18.9%, Incremental 16.9%, Crafting 5.3%
- #26 Drink Water!
79% match6 user reviews83% of 6 reviews2026
Dev: hourglass seven
Windows
A simple and clean desktop bottle-companion that reminds you to drink water and stay hydrated throughout the day. Track your daily water intake, monitor your streak, and keep a little (or big) pixel-art bottle always on your desktop.
Why similar: Utilities 38.6% ★, Software 30.7% ★, Incremental 23.2%, Simulation 5.5%, Colorful 2%
- #27 魔法桌宠 - MagicPet
78% match5 user reviews100% of 5 reviews2026
Dev: 你为啥直接commit到我的main分支啊Pub: 强制合并
Windows
Magic Desktop Pet is a free, open-source, and lightweight desktop companion that blends productivity with charm. More than just a mascot, she serves as a versatile terminal to streamline your workflow—helping you launch webpages, save snippets, and perform instant searches or translations.
Why similar: Utilities 43.7% ★, Automation 32.8%, Idler 20.3%, Cute 3.3%
- #28 Code World
81% matchMostly Positive70% of 44 reviews2017
Dev: Fewjix
Windows
In Code World you control the robot that can walk around the world and send messages to devices. Every device reacts on those messages according to its code. You will have to read this code, understand what messages to send and write your own code.
Why similar: Hacking 36% ★, Programming 33% ★, Automation 25.7%, Simulation 5.2%
- #29 InfiniDomino
77% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Vasrak Games
Windows
Doom has arrived. But beyond the end… there are still dominoes. Push the dominoes to start a chain reaction, and grow exponentially through offerings and reincarnation. A meditative idle game featuring multi-layered prestige, automation, and strategy-driven challenges.
Why similar: Automation 32.5%, Idler 29.1%, Incremental 22.7%, Simulation 8.1%, Isometric 7.6%
- #30 TaskPals
77% matchVery Positive92% of 1,094 reviews2023
Dev: Ascalon Games
Windows
TaskPals is a simple companion app that brings life to your taskbar with cute and tiny pals.
Why similar: Software 43.5% ★, Utilities 42.6% ★, Idler 13.8%
- #31 Stone to Silicon - Idle Clicker
76% match2 user reviews0% of 2 reviews2026
Dev: EF Games
Windows
Stone to Silicon: Build History, Click by Click From the spark of the first fire to the glow of the quantum circuit.
Why similar: Utilities 35.8% ★, Incremental 23.8%, Idler 23%, Strategy 9.2%, Simulation 8.2%
- #32 Arcana Automata
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Grumpy Penguin Games
Windows
In Arcana Automata, you program drones using Python to harvest a mystical resource, unlock upgrades, and encounter German mythical creatures. Perfect for curious minds who love to learn through play.
Why similar: Programming 37.4% ★, Automation 25.6%, Idler 13.1%, Simulation 9.8%, Strategy 9.2%
- #33 BzzzController
78% matchPositive89% of 46 reviews2021
Dev: Cold-Dark Software™
Windows
BzzzController is a simple program that allows you to turn on vibration on your gamepad and keeps it on even when you minimize the window, in case you need your gamepad to vibrate for whatever reason. BzzzController was tested with an Xbox One controller and can control up to 4 gamepads.
Why similar: Software 40.6% ★, Utilities 33.9% ★, Automation 16.9%, Simulation 8.7%
- #34 Pegglo
75% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Bloub Team
Windows
Join Pegglo, the hedgehog hero, in this Peggle-like game with a roguelike twist! Tackle a series of unique levels, master critical hits, and choose powerful upgrades. Every game is a new adventure!
Why similar: Software 34.2% ★, Utilities 33.9% ★, Incremental 16.8%, Programming 15.1% ★
- #35 Lofi Ocean
74% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Igniting Spark Games
Windows
A relaxed and cozy game with an underwater ocean setting. Collect bubbles and pearls to unlock more and more marine creatures and watch them swim, listen to chill Lo-Fi music and create playlists, and if you want, use a built-in timer and a task organizer for your study sessions.
Why similar: Utilities 39.3% ★, Idler 20.2%, Incremental 19.6%, Simulation 11.9%, Colorful 3.1%
- #36 5YN-OS
74% matchNo user reviews
Dev: 5 Years Now
Windows · Linux
Dive into a sandbox operating system simulator and learn to code with FantasyLang. Personalise your desktop, build and tweak apps, uncover hidden secrets, and venture into the darknet. Shape the system however you like. Your OS, your rules.
Why similar: Hacking 27.8% ★, Programming 26% ★, Software 21.8% ★, Automation 9.1%, Sandbox 8.4%
- #37 Upload Simulator
75% matchVery Positive85% of 127 reviews2022
Dev: EnigmaDev Studios
Windows · Linux
Median: 14.9 hrsMean: 55.8 hrs≥1hr: 83%
A incremental game about downloading files, uploading, and upgrading your setup. This is the official PC version of Upload Simulator.
Why similar: Software 39% ★, Idler 29.1%, Incremental 24.1%, Simulation 7.8%
- #38 Feed Da King
73% match8 user reviews88% of 8 reviews2024
Dev: MON Studios LLC
Windows
An idle clicker game that features moments of active and passive play, with a dynamic window system that allows you to toggle the game on top of other applications and adjust it to your preference.
Why similar: Automation 34.9%, Idler 34.6%, Incremental 26.9%, Cute 3.6%
- #39 EchoLink: Recursion
73% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Detonation Zone Interactive
Windows · Mac · Linux
EchoLink: Recursion is an active incremental hacking simulation spanning 1990s dial-up to 2150s megacities. Hack through time by infiltrating networks, building proxy chains, and automating routines. Every reset reboots you with exponential upgrades. Grow a skill tree and rewrite history.
Why similar: Hacking 42.8% ★, Automation 26.2%, Incremental 19%, Simulation 7.2%, Strategy 4.7%
- #40 Artificial Intelligence Simulator
73% matchNo user reviews
Dev: OA Game Studio
Windows
Create your own AI, program the AIs of the future. If you're ready to create a learning mind, code cybersecurity, robotics, and chatbots, and push the boundaries against other AIs in the system. Create, train, develop, and compete.
Why similar: Hacking 34.5% ★, Software 31.8% ★, Programming 27.6% ★, Simulation 6.1%
- #41 Paw Loot
72% matchMixed70% of 56 reviews2025
Dev: zzeerr
Windows
Striped raccoon needs your help! He just needs a unique style! Every time you press a key, the curious striped raccoon will diligently rub your taskbar with his paws, as if rinsing a new find in water.
Why similar: Software 30% ★, Utilities 27.1% ★, Incremental 25.1%, Idler 15.2%, Cute 2.6%
- #42 Flower Tower
72% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Polnoch
Windows
A short, relaxing incremental game about growing flowers, where your garden quietly thrives and blooms on its own.
Why similar: Automation 34.1%, Idler 27.7%, Incremental 17.9%, Simulation 9%, Cute 4.3%
- #43 Breadbox
71% matchPositive100% of 34 reviews2025
Dev: Bitfall
Windows
Breadbox is a retro computer simulator that lets you relive the magic of 70s and 80s machines. Explore a visual environment where you can interact with classic hardware and media as if they were real.
Why similar: Hacking 25.4% ★, Programming 19.7% ★, Utilities 18.4% ★, Automation 16.7%, Sandbox 7.8%
- #44 AetherRift
71% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Slade
Windows · Mac · Linux
Place magical constructs around a swirling cosmic rift, chain together exotic energies, and collapse reality to grow stronger in this deep incremental game.
Why similar: Automation 30.3%, Idler 26.2%, Incremental 21.4%, Strategy 7.3%, Crafting 6.6%
- #45 Marketfield Idle
71% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Pollikk Studios
Windows
Marketfield Idle is all about growing crops, selling goods, cooking recipes, automating production, and prestige into stronger runs in a cozy incremental farming game with 1200+ upgrades, strategy paths, and lots of synergies to discover.
Why similar: Automation 29.2%, Incremental 24.3%, Idler 24.1%, Strategy 8.7%, Sandbox 7.5%
- #46 ROCKS.EXE
70% match8 user reviews25% of 8 reviews2026
Dev: SpetsTheHollow
Windows · Mac
ROCKS.EXE is a dark terminal-style idle market simulator where you mint resources, enter exposure, resolve global events, earn timed Steam inventory drops every 3 hours, and collect marketable items through cases and fixed-odds rewards.
Why similar: Software 33.4% ★, Utilities 24% ★, Idler 13.4%, Simulation 11%, Automation 9.6%
- #47 Buzz Off!
68% match9 user reviews90% of 9 reviews2026
Dev: Roshan Nowshad
Windows
Ignore your break timer… and your screen gets swarmed. A chaotic productivity game that runs on top of your desktop and punishes you with mosquitoes when time’s up.
Why similar: Utilities 34.3% ★, Software 26.8% ★, Idler 19.6%, Simulation 6%, Sandbox 5.8%
- #48 Desktop Fidget
69% match3 user reviews67% of 3 reviews2025
Dev: BITCOVER
Windows
Desktop Fidget is a fun collection of virtual fidgets to relieve stress and keep your hands busy while working or gaming. Customize your experience with the built-in Fidget Workshop and create your own fidget art right on your desktop.
Why similar: Incremental 21.9%, Idler 21.9%, Software 21.4% ★, Automation 13.3%, Sandbox 6%
- #49 Cutie Panda: Find the Legend
69% matchPositive82% of 11 reviews2024
Dev: Happy Solutions
Windows
Take care of a panda and watch it grow up every day! Team up with panda to tackle fun missions, collect clues, and uncover the long-lost legend of the magical panda world. Adventure awaits!
Why similar: Software 36% ★, Utilities 31.7% ★, Incremental 22.6%, Board Game 7.2%, Cute 2.5%
- #50 Idle Spiral
70% matchVery Positive80% of 1,873 reviews2022
Dev: Idle System, Inc.
Windows
Median: 3.5 hrsMean: 117.5 hrs≥1hr: 66%
This is a beautiful "Idle", "Incremental" game based on spirals and mathematics. Your goal is to make the spiral grow farther and farther from the origin. The game is very simple, but it is very deep and can be enjoyed for a long time!
Why similar: Idler 28.3%, Automation 27.7%, Incremental 25.4%, Simulation 8.6%, Sandbox 5.4%
- #51 Frog Pet for Desktop
68% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2026
Dev: Black Flamingo Games
Windows
Life has never been happier with a silly Frog keeping you company while you work, study or relax. Just choose you favorite one and keep it on your taskbar!
Why similar: Software 36.9% ★, Utilities 32.6% ★, Idler 16.7%, 2.5D 7.9%, Stylized 2.3%
- #52 Hoplings
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Mirrawz
Windows · Linux
CLICK > JUMP > GAIN JUMP BUCKS > BUY UPGRADES > JUMP MORE !!! Hoplings is a hand-crafted pixel art clicker/incremental game that is sure to keep you hopping for more!
Why similar: Automation 34%, Incremental 26.7%, Idler 26.3%, Strategy 4.2%, Cute 3.3%
- #53 Grey Hack
70% matchVery Positive90% of 1,843 reviews2017
Dev: Loading Home
Windows · Mac · Linux
Median: 4.0 hrsMean: 12.5 hrs≥1hr: 83%
Grey Hack is a massively multiplayer hacking simulator game. You're a hacker with full freedom to act as you wish on a vast network of procedurally generated computers.
Why similar: Hacking 54% ★, Programming 31.3% ★, Simulation 7.3%, Sandbox 3.3%, Strategy 2.1%
- #54 Grind & Grind Company
67% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2026
Dev: nontick Inc.
Windows · Mac
Your partner washes cars in a small corner of your desktop only while you're focused. Turn your productive time into a growing collection of cars.
Why similar: Utilities 41.9% ★, Incremental 27.7%, Idler 26.9%, Cute 3.4%
- #55 The Waking Grove
67% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: BES Games
Windows
A cozy incremental idle about restoring a dead garden, one tile at a time. Spread life across the seasons and let the soil remember everything you grew.
Why similar: Automation 30.1%, Idler 23.4%, Incremental 22.6%, Isometric 10.8%, Simulation 6.3%
- #56 Apiary in Flow
67% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: AkinoEgo
Windows
Apiary in Flow is an incremental game with automation elements where you place bees inside a hive to build efficient honey-gathering chains. Unlock new bee types and spend your harvest on permanent skill tree upgrades!
Why similar: Automation 36.6%, Idler 27.5%, Incremental 26.7%, Strategy 4.3%, Simulation 3.9%
- #57 StoryMode
67% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Caemin Games
Windows
StoryMode is a reading tool completely built around idle/incremental gameplay and progression. Add manga and books, earn experience, levels, and rewards as you read. Complete quests, discover companions, and personalize your reading experience with customizable themes and animated backgrounds.
Why similar: Utilities 32.6% ★, Automation 23.6%, Idler 20.2%, Sandbox 8.7%, Software 8.3% ★
- #58 Idle Rat: Island Digger
66% match7 user reviews86% of 7 reviews2026
Dev: Whiskerbit
Windows
A relaxing pixel art idle digging game. A clever little rat uncovers treasures beneath a tropical island while running on top of all applications. Upgrade your stats, sell your finds, and progress at your own pace.
Why similar: Utilities 30.6% ★, Automation 23%, Idler 20.3%, Incremental 13.6%, Simulation 6.4%
- #59 Critter Bonk
66% matchNo user reviews
Dev: FluffyFishDev
Windows
A cute incremental clicker where you bonk bugs for profit. Earn money, unlock upgrades, acquire powerful skills, and recruit helpers to automate the bonking until you’re truly unstoppable. Satisfying and Relaxing!
Why similar: Automation 30.1%, Incremental 23.2%, Idler 23.1%, Strategy 7.2%, Simulation 5.9%