- #1 Mirage: Ignis Fatuus
97% matchPositive82% of 11 reviews2025
Dev: Illam
Windows · Mac · Linux
Control a cuboid, see things from different perspectives, and overcome impossible terrain in this unique and innovative isometric puzzle!
Why similar: Experimental 33.1% ★, Grid-Based Movement 25.4%, Puzzle Platformer 15.3%, Puzzle 7.8%, Logic 6.9%
- #2 Tricolo
96% matchNo user reviews
Dev: MP
Windows
Tricolo is a deceptively small 3×3 logic puzzle where every piece moves in order and blocks others — you must plan each move perfectly to beat the puzzle. The sophisticated puzzle rules and various gimmicks demand deep thought within a limited space.
Why similar: Experimental 40.3% ★, Grid-Based Movement 22.2%, Puzzle 12.7%, Minimalist 10.4%, Logic 9.4%
- #3 Puzzlezon
96% match3 user reviews33% of 3 reviews2021
Dev: Dz3ro
Windows
Grid-based logic game where your goal is to get to the end of each level. Manage all the obstacles on your way to make a path. Push cardboxes, rotate racks and fill holes with boxes.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 37.7%, Puzzle Platformer 22.5%, Puzzle 16.5%, Minimalist 7.8%, Logic 5.7%
- #4 One Line
95% matchVery Positive97% of 69 reviews2021
Dev: Climbing Goat Games
Windows
One Line is a minimalist puzzle game where the objective is to draw a single line filling the entire board. Different mechanics will challenge your mind in this game that is easy to learn but hard to solve. Can you find the correct path?
Why similar: Experimental 37.6% ★, Grid-Based Movement 28.9%, Puzzle 11.2%, Minimalist 9.1%, Logic 8.7%
- #5 Flood Fill
94% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2020
Dev: Tom Domenico
Windows
Flood Fill is a fast paced action-arcade game. The concept is easy, the game is not. Avoid the enemies, and section off areas of the map. Section off enough of the map, advance to the next level.
Why similar: Experimental 45.2% ★, Grid-Based Movement 20.1%, Puzzle 14%, Minimalist 8.6%, Logic 6.4%
- #6 10mg :)
94% matchVery Positive98% of 88 reviews2020
Dev: torcadoPub: 10mg
Windows · Mac · Linux
Play a series of tiny games based on well-known classics, each with a unique twist and connected to each other. Race cars, hit golf balls, uncover mines, and more in this experimental action/puzzle game.
Why similar: Experimental 61.8% ★, Puzzle 14.3%, Minimalist 7.7%, Stylized 5.4%, Pixel Graphics 4.9%
- #7 GunBlocks - Prologue
92% matchVery Positive97% of 105 reviews2021
Dev: Steve Welz
Windows
In this prologue you crash-land on a mysterious planet. In order to get your lost cargo back, use tetrominos, solve blocky puzzles, and get to know its not too friendly inhabitants.
Why similar: Experimental 51.7% ★, Puzzle Platformer 22.1%, Puzzle 14.6%, Pixel Graphics 5.9%, 2D 3.4%
- #8 Feeling Square?
93% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2020
Dev: MikoTech
Windows
Something huge is Coming Soon...
Why similar: Experimental 47.8% ★, Puzzle 15.8%, Puzzle Platformer 14.5%, Precision Platformer 8.6%, Minimalist 5.6%
- #9 Echo Maze
91% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: Soliloqu-You
Windows
An innovative audio-based puzzle, Echo Maze. Sight is useless. Your only guide is the sound around you. In total darkness, pinpoint your location by the sounds of scattered gimmicks and evade deadly traps. Is every sound a hint, or an invitation to death? A 3D audio survival.
Why similar: Experimental 51.1% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.9%, Grid-Based Movement 13.5%, Puzzle 12.2%, Indie 1.5%
- #10 White platform
91% match1 user reviews0% of 1 reviews2020
Dev: Jeovane Alves dos SantosPub: Jadssofton
Windows
top down puzzle game
Why similar: Experimental 50% ★, Puzzle 13%, Precision Platformer 11%, Puzzle Platformer 9.1%, Top-Down 6.5%
- #11 Freeze the time
90% matchPositive100% of 10 reviews2022
Dev: Vitok
Windows
Freeze the time is a puzzle game with a 2D view. The goal of the game is to bring the character to the exit. When a button is pressed, the doors open. There are also saws on the levels that must be avoided. By holding down the left mouse button, you can control the movement of the level.
Why similar: Experimental 54.4% ★, Puzzle Platformer 22.2%, Puzzle 16%, 2D 4.6%, Singleplayer 2.9%
- #12 reYal
89% matchMostly Positive75% of 24 reviews2019
Dev: xrrawva
Windows
Play as you playing as you.
Why similar: Experimental 40.5% ★, Grid-Based Movement 20.3%, Puzzle 10.4%, Minimalist 8.5%, Stylized 6.6%
- #13 Rorschach Plus
89% matchPositive94% of 17 reviews2021
Dev: EmCannon
Windows · Mac · Linux
Rorschach Plus is a precise, experimental puzzle platformer where you use paint to reveal your surroundings.
Why similar: Experimental 35.7% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.7%, Puzzle 12.1%, Minimalist 10.1%, Precision Platformer 9.1%
- #14 Antimatter Elevator
88% matchPositive94% of 35 reviews2021
Dev: xrrawva
Windows
Connect non-matching pieces to reach level 99.
Why similar: Experimental 32% ★, Grid-Based Movement 23.8%, Puzzle 12%, Minimalist 9%, Logic 7.5%
- #15 Mega Mosaic
86% matchVery Positive93% of 342 reviews2024
Dev: Mark FfrenchPub: Divide The Plunder
Windows · Mac
Median: 26.5 hrsMean: 26.3 hrs≥1hr: 88%
Mega Mosaic is a meditative game about completing a single enormous puzzle
Why similar: Experimental 45.9% ★, Puzzle 18.9%, Logic 13.8%, Minimalist 12.4%, Pixel Graphics 5.6%
- #16 Delta0
87% matchPositive89% of 19 reviews2020
Dev: JSR-Productions
Windows · Mac · Linux
Delta0: A puzzle game to stimulate your brain!
Why similar: Experimental 48.4% ★, Puzzle Platformer 18.8%, Puzzle 16.8%, Minimalist 7.5%, Linear 3.4%
- #17 Welcome Back
86% matchVery Positive100% of 50 reviews2021
Dev: Slider Games Studio
Windows
You died! Reincarnate in 5 animals to prove GOD You are worthy of returning to the world in this spiritual adventure. A short, experimental and multi-genre game with 5 gameplay styles, each with its own unique mechanics.
Why similar: Experimental 61.8% ★, Puzzle 13.1%, Puzzle Platformer 10.6%, Pixel Graphics 7.4%, Stylized 3.5%
- #18 Creaworm
85% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2026
Dev: Allan Shade
Windows · Linux
In this short indie puzzle game you play as a little bookworm with a big dream. Find morsels of lost knowledge across the maze, craft spells to pass doors, and find the way to the land of dreams.
Why similar: Puzzle Platformer 30.6%, Grid-Based Movement 23.7%, Puzzle 17%, Minimalist 10.2%, Logic 8.9%
- #19 Medulla
84% matchPositive100% of 20 reviews2020
Dev: Lemondo Games
Windows · Mac · Linux
Medulla is a puzzle-platformer adventure game set in a dream-like scenery. A young character travels through the places and environments where various strange obstacles and seemingly illogical puzzles appear. Various beautifully hand-crafted landscapes create confusing and mysterious aura.
Why similar: Experimental 53.2% ★, Puzzle Platformer 21.4%, Puzzle 16.1%, Linear 4.2%, 2D 2.9%
- #20 Mimic Dungeon
84% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Skarlet Frosty
Windows · Linux
Help the wizard break free from a tricky dungeon in this puzzle game. Use your staff to make enemies mimic your actions, guiding them into traps to get rid of them!
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 43.9%, Puzzle 20.1%, Top-Down 10%, Pixel Graphics 8.2%, Logic 7.7%
- #21 Rotosaurus Adventure
81% matchPositive97% of 39 reviews2025
Dev: PressGtoGeorgePub: Broken Paternoster Games
Windows
Rotosaurus Adventure is a puzzle game with a twist. Rotate the world to traverse obstacles and find a way into the goal. Manage boxes, avoid spikes, and use other tools in creative ways to overcome mind-twisting challenges!
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 50.6%, Puzzle 21.7%, Logic 12%, Pixel Graphics 6.6%, Indie 4.2%
- #22 XOB
83% match7 user reviews100% of 7 reviews2020
Dev: Rule Weaver
Windows · Mac
XOB. Kinetic. Psychedelic. Poetic. Aesthetic. 100 masterfully designed puzzles.
Why similar: Experimental 39.4% ★, Puzzle Platformer 15.4%, Puzzle 10.4%, Logic 8.2%, Stylized 7.6%
- #23 Girabox
82% matchPositive96% of 28 reviews2020
Dev: Conradical Games
Windows · Mac
A minimalist puzzle game in which you rotate the world instead of controlling the player. Play through the many level packs and compare your score to others in the leaderboards.
Why similar: Experimental 60.8% ★, Minimalist 13%, Puzzle 8.3%, Puzzle Platformer 7.5%, Logic 5.9%
- #24 Lightbox
82% matchNo user reviews
Dev: D5R Games
Windows · Mac
A casual puzzle game about manipulating and playing with light.
Why similar: Experimental 67.2% ★, Puzzle 15.2%, Minimalist 9.6%, 2D 4.8%, Singleplayer 1.8%
- #25 Slider
78% matchVery Positive97% of 457 reviews2024
Dev: boomo
Windows · Mac · Linux
Slide chunks of the world to solve puzzles and help others. Control an ever-growing set of tiles and mechanics. Explore nine unique areas, unravel the mysteries of the universe, and reconnect the world -- one slider at a time.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 37%, Puzzle 15.5%, Minimalist 12.1%, Logic 11.8%, Top-Down 6.7%
- #26 Square Logic
79% matchVery Positive97% of 76 reviews2023
Dev: Climbing Goat Games
Windows · Linux
Square Logic is a minimalist puzzle game about coloring the grid with squares and rectangles, respecting the number of each cell.
Why similar: Experimental 37% ★, Grid-Based Movement 26%, Puzzle 10.7%, Minimalist 8.8%, Logic 8.6%
- #27 One Line: Letters and Codes
79% matchVery Positive94% of 64 reviews2022
Dev: Climbing Goat Games
Windows
You have just received a coded love letter! In this minimalist puzzle, you will have to draw a single line to fill the entire board. At each level solved, get a code to reveal a piece of the letter. Gather the codes, read the letter and discover the message.
Why similar: Experimental 34.2% ★, Grid-Based Movement 26.8%, Puzzle 12.5%, Minimalist 10%, Logic 8.5%
- #28 Between Worlds: challenging puzzles
81% matchNo user reviews2026
Dev: Novy
Windows · Mac · Linux
Manipulate the boundary by sacrificing your characters. A 2D puzzle game where logic and creativity reshape a world divided into black and white
Why similar: Puzzle Platformer 33.6%, Grid-Based Movement 28.9%, Puzzle 17.5%, Logic 11.1%, 2D 4.6%
- #29 Pour There
80% match3 user reviews100% of 3 reviews2021
Dev: Mikhail MarkhelPub: MMA Mirkin Game
Windows
Logic game (puzzle) - collect bonuses in the form of yellow ducks. Use bombs and rockets to make passages. You will need to think about it.
Why similar: Experimental 53.5% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.4%, Puzzle 17.7%, Logic 3.3%, 2D 2.9%
- #30 Understand
78% matchVery Positive91% of 802 reviews2020
Dev: Artless Games
Windows · Mac
Median: 2.1 hrsMean: 5.9 hrs≥1hr: 66%
Understand is an experimental puzzle game about guessing rules. In each level, you have to figure out the rules through trial and error, then draw a line satisfying all rules.
Why similar: Experimental 53.1% ★, Puzzle 14.5%, Minimalist 13.9%, Logic 12.6%, 2D 3.2%
- #31 The World's Hardest Game 3D
77% matchPositive95% of 19 reviews2021
Dev: Batuhan Ertan
Windows
Easy to play, very hard to finish. The World's Hardest Game, which you used to play on flash game sites, is now with you in 3D. Good luck in this challenging game of 30 unique levels!
Why similar: Experimental 44.6% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.9%, Precision Platformer 13.2%, Puzzle 10.4%, Logic 7.7%
- #32 Porcini
77% matchPositive89% of 27 reviews2020
Dev: DnovelPub: Conglomerate 5
Windows
Porcini - logic platformer with coin puzzles and match-three game elements
Why similar: Experimental 46.6% ★, Puzzle Platformer 18.5%, Puzzle 15.5%, Minimalist 7.9%, Logic 6.6%
- #33 Thinking Inside The Box
75% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2025
Dev: Neckbeard Games
Windows
You play as a little, square guy trapped in a maze of cardboard boxes filled with a myriad of challenges. The rules are simple: move the diamonds to the appropriate pressure plates without letting different-colored diamonds touch—swap, push, and phase to complete levels as quickly as possible.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 44.1%, Puzzle 29.4%, Pixel Graphics 12.6%, 2D 6.6%, Singleplayer 5%
- #34 P0
76% matchMixed46% of 13 reviews2021
Dev: Splithead Fungus Studio
Windows
Enjoy your last days in the hospital, a peaceful and settled place where you can't really kill anyone. Explore with your feeble combat ability and find a way out. End with the truth of P0.
Why similar: Experimental 47.4% ★, Grid-Based Movement 25%, Puzzle 11.2%, Minimalist 7.9%, Pixel Graphics 4.1%
- #35 TatuBall: A Minimalist LoFi Puzzle
75% matchPositive100% of 12 reviews2021
Dev: TGM
Windows
With puzzle gameplay in a relaxed atmosphere with LoFi music, you must help Tatu (an armadillo) to find burrows to survive during the seasons, but for that, you can only move when Tatu is stopped, and every new season, new challenges will appear
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 40.3%, Puzzle 15.4%, Minimalist 14%, Puzzle Platformer 12.1%, Stylized 8.4%
- #36 Millumi
76% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Marcel Kuebler Software
Windows
You've never thought about playing as a sheep solving mirror puzzles—until now. Millumi is a minimalist puzzle game where you are guided by a crow, directing light beams through mirrors to solve various puzzles. You'll face obstacles, mechanisms, and progressively challenging levels.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 41.8%, Puzzle 17.2%, Minimalist 13.4%, Logic 12.2%, Stylized 7.6%
- #37 Coasterama
73% match5 user reviews100% of 5 reviews2025
Dev: Lukas Dumez
Windows
Coasterama is a short puzzle game about helping tiny guys ride the rollercoaster of their dreams. Build each rollercoaster piece by piece while meeting every tiny guys' requirements, all while figuring out how to complete the rollercoaster.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 35.4%, Puzzle 24.7%, Minimalist 14.4%, Top-Down 12.1%, Stylized 9.5%
- #38 Estigma [Steam Edition]
73% matchVery Positive90% of 199 reviews2020
Dev: VikintorPub: Vikintor Interactive
Windows
Imagine Q-Bert + Pacman but with surrealistic horror aesthetics...
Why similar: Experimental 56.1% ★, Grid-Based Movement 21.2%, Puzzle 10.7%, Pixel Graphics 5.7%, 2D 3.8%
- #39 Enoki
74% matchMostly Positive75% of 16 reviews2020
Dev: DnovelPub: My Way Games
Windows
Enoki is a match-3 mushroom puzzle platformer!
Why similar: Experimental 50.9% ★, Puzzle Platformer 19.3%, Puzzle 15.1%, Minimalist 9%, 2D 3.3%
- #40 Bomb's Lair
70% matchPositive94% of 18 reviews2026
Dev: Vetche Studio
Windows · Linux
Throw angry bombs and solve puzzles in this 2D puzzle game. Discover four worlds with 48 handcrafted levels. Will you succeed and claim the treasure at the bottom of The Bomb's Lair?
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 37.3%, Puzzle 19.8%, Logic 11.2%, Pixel Graphics 11.1%, Top-Down 7.4%
- #41 Tricula
74% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Calabiyaur
Windows · Mac · Linux
Solve intricate puzzles to help Tricula the vampire find his way to his coffin in this grid-based pixel-art puzzle platforming game.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 40.7%, Puzzle Platformer 21.3%, Puzzle 18%, Logic 7.1%, Pixel Graphics 6%
- #42 Tarek
73% matchMostly Positive70% of 23 reviews2020
Dev: FreeAnimals_SoftwarePub: Conglomerate 5
Windows
Minimalistic platformer with fifteen game and three-in-a-row elements!
Why similar: Experimental 45.3% ★, Puzzle 17.9%, Puzzle Platformer 15.8%, Minimalist 7.3%, Stylized 5.5%
- #43 Side by Size
71% matchPositive100% of 17 reviews2023
Dev: Zac E
Windows
Side by Size is a puzzle game where taking damage and healing changes the puzzle layout. Purposefully get hurt to open the way to the exit in 100 hand crafted puzzles!
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 27.5%, Puzzle 21.3%, Logic 15.1%, Top-Down 10.4%, Minimalist 9.6%
- #44 Starlight X-2: Space Sudoku
72% matchPositive91% of 11 reviews2021
Dev: Frozax Games
Windows
Starlight X-2 is a space-themed puzzle game. Position stars and asteroids in clever ways to illuminate planets.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 27.8%, Puzzle Platformer 21.8%, Puzzle 16.6%, Logic 12.9%, Minimalist 9.6%
- #45 14 Minesweeper Variants
68% matchOverwhelmingly Positive97% of 1,535 reviews2022
Dev: Alith GamesPub: Artless Games
Windows · Mac
Median: 9.6 hrsMean: 37.3 hrs≥1hr: 81%
Minesweeper but the rules are changing.
Why similar: Experimental 52% ★, Puzzle 19%, Logic 13.6%, Minimalist 12.5%, Indie 1.6%
- #46 7D Maze
72% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Surfleek Studios
Windows
7D Maze; A minimalist, maze-puzzle through the Seven Dimensions.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 39.2%, Puzzle Platformer 16.1%, Puzzle 12.6%, Minimalist 10.2%, Logic 8.4%
- #47 Held By The Sky
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Quietly Upward Studio
Windows
Held By the Sky is a 2D-platformer where players can roam within a grid-based terrain while simultaneously dealing with falling blocks. This game features experimental mechanics that combine genres to create a new experience.
Why similar: Puzzle Platformer 24.1%, Grid-Based Movement 22.3%, Puzzle 16.8%, Experimental 14.1% ★, Logic 7.5%
- #48 Old School Maze
71% matchNo user reviews
Dev: CSMPub: W. T. B.
Windows
Get out of the maze of nostalgia.
Why similar: Experimental 48.6% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.9%, Puzzle 13.8%, Minimalist 9.3%, Logic 4.7%
- #49 Mewseum: Masterpieces
67% matchVery Positive98% of 112 reviews2025
Dev: Climbing Goat Games
Windows
Mewseum: Masterpieces is a shikaku-style puzzle game where each solved grid reveals part of a great masterpiece. Solve hundreds of puzzles and discover unique paintings in the latest art exhibition of the feline world!
Why similar: Experimental 34.3% ★, Grid-Based Movement 26.6%, Puzzle 12%, Logic 9.6%, Minimalist 9%
- #50 That Level Again 2
67% matchPositive93% of 29 reviews2025
Dev: IamTagir
Windows
That Level Again Part 2 A small logic game where all levels are the same but ways to win are not. The character just want to leave the house. Sounds easy, isnt't?
Why similar: Puzzle Platformer 37.2%, Puzzle 19.6%, Minimalist 11%, Logic 8.1%, Linear 8%
- #51 Deja Vu
70% match2 user reviews100% of 2 reviews2022
Dev: Continental Games
Windows
Get ready for a mindbending cyberpunk experience! Figure out more than a dozen puzzles through your manipulation of time based clones and try to get the best time in each level! Dive into Déjà Vu, inspired by puzzlers like Braid and The Swapper.
Why similar: Experimental 48.9% ★, Puzzle Platformer 29.8%, Puzzle 15.4%, Linear 3.7%, Indie 1.1%
- #52 Blockdown
69% matchPositive93% of 29 reviews2021
Dev: Vasona Studios
Windows · Mac
Roll around on a wibbly wobbly grid through space. This peaceful puzzler is a 3D twist on a classic 2D game.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 41.1%, Puzzle Platformer 19.8%, Puzzle 17.5%, Minimalist 11.3%, Logic 8.1%
- #53 The Line
70% matchMixed64% of 14 reviews2020
Dev: PaulArt
Windows
Reinventing of 3D puzzles. Experimental gameplay you've never seen before.
Why similar: Experimental 43.9% ★, Puzzle Platformer 18.9%, Puzzle 12.1%, Precision Platformer 10.2%, Logic 8.7%
- #54 Six Faces | Overpower
68% matchPositive100% of 22 reviews2021
Dev: Boxstudio
Windows
Step up to the challenge and test your skills with responsive controls and extremely difficult puzzles. Six faces, four powers (🚀,📦,💣,⚓). Easy to learn, hard to master, with 64 hand-drawn puzzles to solve. Unleash your creativity and dive into a world of fun with tons of alternate mechanics.
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 33%, Puzzle Platformer 31%, Logic 13.1%, Minimalist 12.5%, Puzzle 7.8%
- #55 SORE
69% matchMixed67% of 343 reviews2017
Dev: Bazitov Mikhail
Windows
Median: 42 minMean: 2.9 hrs≥1hr: 31%
Mystical puzzle quest game in a gloomy minimalism style will tell you a story of a person who's got himself into a camera, and from which there is no way out it seems. Experimental gameplay diluted with a pinch of a philosophy, that's what SORE is.
Why similar: Experimental 42.5% ★, Puzzle Platformer 14.8%, Puzzle 13.1%, Minimalist 10.4%, Pixel Graphics 7.6%
- #56 Light Dude
69% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Dergham Games
Windows
The level hides when you move in this skill-based action game. Scan the level, then step into the dark. Dodge deadly threats, outmaneuver enemies, and defeat brutal bosses to reclaim the stolen sun. No map. No safety. Just your skill.
Why similar: Experimental 35.7% ★, Puzzle Platformer 20.5%, Precision Platformer 14.2%, Puzzle 11.9%, Minimalist 7.4%
- #57 Ramiwo
67% matchMostly Positive72% of 18 reviews2020
Dev: Bil Deerbuch
Windows
The trippy and wondrous exploration-walking simulator. Arty, surreal, different. Grant your brain some sweetmeat.
Why similar: Experimental 72.2% ★, Puzzle 19.5%, Indie 8.3%
- #58 Linksider
68% matchNo user reviews
Dev: Daivy
Windows · Linux
Linksider is puzzle platfomer where you can attach different "Side Effects" to the sides of your character. Utilize these effects creatively and you may discover surprising interactions between them to help you solve various puzzles.
Why similar: Puzzle Platformer 30.5%, Grid-Based Movement 19.6%, Puzzle 16.6%, Logic 13.1%, Pixel Graphics 8.6%
- #59 Twins & Dreams
65% match1 user reviews100% of 1 reviews2025
Dev: Moralabs
Windows · Mac
Control two characters at once in this fun puzzle game! Guide them to the "WAKE" button together, avoid sneaky ghosts, and solve tricky puzzles that get harder with every level!
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 43.3%, Puzzle Platformer 20.2%, Puzzle 15.4%, Logic 12.3%, 2D 4%
- #60 Only Sliding
63% matchPositive95% of 42 reviews2025
Dev: PortponkyPub: Shambles Software
Windows · Linux
A puzzle game with one mechanic (sliding).
Why similar: Grid-Based Movement 50.5%, Puzzle 19.6%, Logic 13.2%, Top-Down 5%, Pixel Graphics 4.4%